References
- Al Nohair (2011). Prevalence of smoking and its related behaviors and beliefs among secondary school students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Int J Heal Sci, 5, 57-63.
- Alvarado GF, Breslau N (2005). Smoking and young people's mental health. Curr Opinion Psychiatry, 18, 397-400. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.yco.0000172058.48154.14
- Azjen I, Madden TJ (1986). Prediction of goal-directed behaviour: attitude, intentions, and perceived behavioural control. J Exp Soc Psychol, 22, 453-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(86)90045-4
- Bachmann, MS, Znoh H, Brodbeck J (2012). Smoking behaviour, former quit attempts and intention to quit in urban adolescents and young adults: A five-year longitudinal study, Public Health, 25, 1044-50.
- Barnett TA, Gauvin L, Lambert M, et al (2007). The influence of school smoking policies on student tobacco use. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 161, 842-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.161.9.842
- Binnai A, Rajesh G, Ahmad J, Denny C, Nayak SU (2013). Insight into smoking and its cessatiom among current smokers in India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 2811-8. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.5.2811
- Brown AK, Moodie C, Hastings G, et al (2010). The association of normative perceptions with adolescent smoking intentions. J Adolesc, 33, 603-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.12.003
- Cialdini RB, Kallgren CA, Reno RR (1991). A focus theory of normative conduct: a theoretical refinement and reevaluation of the role of norms in human behaviour. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.),Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 201-234). New York: Academic Press.
- Conrad KM, Flay BR, Hill D (1992). Why children start smoking cigarettes: Predictors of onset. Br J Addic, 87, 1711-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02684.x
- Cremers HP, Oenema A, Mercken L, Candel M, Vries H (2014). Explaining socio-economic differences in intention to smoke among primary school children. BMC Public Health, 14, 191. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-191
- Eckhardt L, Woodruff SI, Elder JP (1994). A longitudinal analysis of adolescent smokingand it's correlates. J Sch Health, 64, 67-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1994.tb06181.x
- Engel RCME, Knibbe RA, De Vries H, Drop MJ, Van Breukelen GJP (1999). Influences of parental ang best friends' smoking and drinking on adolescent use: a longitudinal study. J Appl Soc Psychol, 29, 337-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb01390.x
- Ertas N (2007). Factors associated with stages of cigarette smoking among Turkish youth. Eur J Public Health, 17, 155-61. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckl095
- Fagan P, Eisenberg M, Stoddard AM, Frazier L, Sorensen G (2001). Social influences, socialnorms, social support, and smoking behavior among adolescent workers. Am J Health Promot, 15, 414-21. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-15.6.414
- Fishbein M, Azjen I (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behaviour. An Introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
- Girma E, Assefa T, Deribew A (2010). Cigarettes smokers' intention to quit smoking in Dire Dawa town Ethiopia: an assessment using the Transtheoretical Model. BMC Public Health, 10, 320. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-320
- Haddad LG, Petro-Nusras W (2006). Predictors of intention to quit smoking among Jordanian University students. Can J Public Health, 97, 9-13.
- Halpern-Flesher BL, Bichl M, Kropp RY, Rubinstein ML (2004). Perceived risks and benefits of smoking: differences between adolescents with different smoking experiences and intentions. Prev Med, 39, 559-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.02.017
- Hanjeet K, Wan Rozita WM, Amal NM (2001). Risk factors of smoking among secondary school adolescents in Kuala Lumpur. Int Med Res J, 5, 59-63.
- Institute of Public Health (1997). Ministry of Health Malaysia: National Health and Morbidity Survey Volume 17, Smoking. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysia.
- Institute for Public Health (2008). The Third National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMSIII), Smoking. Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
- Jung HS, Kim Y, Son J, et al (2012). Can urinary cotinine predict Nicotine dependence level in smokers? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 13, 5483-8. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.11.5483
- Kleinjan M, Engels RC, van Leeuwe J, et al (2009). Mechanisms of adolescent smoking cessation: roles of readiness to quit, nicotine dependence, and smoking of parents and peers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 99, 204-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.08.002
- Leatherdale ST, Cameron R, Stephen-Brown K, Mcdonald PW (2005). Senior student smoking at school, student characteristics, and smoking onset among junior students: a multilevel analysis. Prev Med, 40, 853-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.09.033
- Lee E, Tak Y (2005). Peer and parental influences on adolescent smoking. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi, 35, 694-700.
- Lee S, Yun JE, Lee JK, Kim IS, Jee SH (2010). The Korean prediction model for adolescents' futuresmoking intentions. J Prev Med Public Health, 43, 283-91. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.4.283
- Lim KH, Amal NM, Hanjeet K, et al (2006). Prevalence and factors related to smoking among secondary school students in Kota Tinggi District, Johor, Malaysia. Trop Biomed, 23, 75-84.
- Lim KH, Sumarni MG, Kee CC, et al (2013). Correlates of susceptibility to smoking among secondary school students in Kota Tinggi District, Johor, Malaysia. Asia Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 6971-8. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.11.6971
- Lipperman-Kreda S, Grube JW (2009). Students' perception of community disapproval, perceived enforcement of school antismoking policies, personal beliefs, and their cigarette smoking behaviors: results from a structural equation modeling analysis. Nicotine Tob Res, 11, 531-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntp033
- Mak KK, Ho SY, Day JR (2012). Smoking of parents and best friend- independent and combined effects on adolescentsmoking and intention to initiate and quit smoking. Nicotine Tob Res, 14, 1057-64. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nts008
- Manimaran K (2003). Report of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, Malaysia. Ministry of Health, Malaysia, 2003.
- Mohammadpoorasi A, Nadjat S, Yazdani K, et al (2012). Intention to start smoking and its related factors in never smoked adolescents in Tabriz, 2010. Int J Prev Med, 3, 880-6. https://doi.org/10.4103/2008-7802.104860
- Myung SK, McDonnell DD, Kazinets G, Seo HG, Moskowitz JM (2010). Relationships between household smoking restrictions and intention to quit smoking among Korean American male smoker in California. J Korea Med Sci, 25, 245-50. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2010.25.2.245
- Norsiah Ali (2013). Smoking Cessation: Bringing aspiration into reality. http://jknj. moh.gov.my/jsm/day2/Speciality%20Symposia/SS_13_Smoking%20Cessation %20Bringing%20Aspiration%20into%20Reality.pdf. (Accessed on 10 September 2013).
- Olds RS, Thombs DL, Tomasek JR (2005). Relations between normative beliefs and initiationintentions toward cigarette, alcohol and Marijuana. J Adolesc Health, 37, 7-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.04.005
- Page RM, Huong NT, Chi HK, Tien TQ (2012). Social normative beliefs about smoking among Vietnamese adolescents. Asia Pac J Public Health, 24, 68-81. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539510370993
- Reidpath DD, Davey TM, Kadirvelu A, Soyiri IN, Allotey P (2014). Does one cigarette make an adolescent smoker, and is it influenced by age and age of smoking initiation? Evidence of association from the U.S. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (2011). Pred Med, 69, 37-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.009
- Saade G, Warren CW, Jones NR, Asma S, Mokdad A (2008). Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC): the case for Lebanon. Prev Med, 47, 15-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.06.003
- Sargent JD, Dalton M (2001). Does parenal disapproval of smoking prevent adolescents from becoming established smokers? Pediatrics, 108, 1256-62. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.108.6.1256
- Sawyer TM, Stevenson JF (2008). Perceived parental and peer disapproval toward substances: Influences on adolescent decision-making. J Prim Prev, 29, 465-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-008-0156-6
- Sen U, Basu A (2000). Analysis of factors influencing an adolescent's intention to be a non smoker. Clinl Med Heal Res. http://intl clinmed.netprints.org/cgi/content/full/2000050006v1 (Accessed on 10 September 2013).
- Sussman S, Dent CW, Nezami E, et al (1998). Reasons for quitting and smoking temptation among adolescent smokers: gender differences. Subst Use Misuse, 33, 2703-20. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826089809059346
- Tyc VL, Hadley W, Allen D, et al (2004). Predictors of smoking intention and smoking status among non-smoking and smoking adolescents. Addict Behav, 29, 1143-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.03.007
- Victoria PD, Salgueiro MF, Silva AS, De Vries H (2011). The impact of social influence on adolescent intention to smoke: Combining types and referents of influence. Br J Health Psychol, 14, 681-99.
- Virtanen M, Pietikainen M, Kivimaki M, et al (2009). Contribution of parental and school personnel smoking to health risk behaviours among Finnish adolescents. BMC Public Health, 9, 382. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-382
- Viswanathan B, Warren CW, Jones NR, Asma S, Bovet P (2008). Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC): the case for the Seychelles. Prev Med, 47, 33-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.02.008
- Savvides ECG, Christophi CA, Paisi M, et al (2014). Factors associated with intent to quit tobacco use in Cyprus adolescents. Prev Med, 60, 83-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.12.016
- US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking-50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2014 [accessed 2014 Feb 14].
- Wakefield M, Kloska DD, O'Malley PM, et al (2004). The role of smoking intention in predicting future smoking among youth: finding from monitoring the future data. Addict, 99, 914-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00742.x
- Wong CN, Chan SC, Ho SY, Fong YT, Lam TH (2012). Predictors of intention to quit smoking in Hong Kong secondary school children. J Public Health, 32, 360-71.
- Zhu C, Cai Y, Ma J, et al (2013). Predictors of intention to smoke among junior high school students in Shanghai, China: an empirical test of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model. Plos One [Epub ahead of print].
Cited by
- Psychological Problems and Psychosocial Predictors of Cigarette Smoking Behavior among Undergraduate Students in Malaysia vol.15, pp.18, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.18.7629
- Smoking among Secondary School Students in Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia - Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study vol.16, pp.11, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.11.4563
- Relationships between Body Image, Body Mass Index, and Smoking in Korean Adolescents: Results of a Nationwide Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey vol.16, pp.15, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.15.6273
- Effects of Perceived Smoking-Cancer Relationship and Cardiovascular Health Attitudes on Childrens' Views of Smoking vol.16, pp.7, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.7.2801
- Work-Associated Stress and Nicotine Dependence among Law Enforcement Personnel in Mangalore, India vol.17, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.2.829
- The relationship between husbands’ health belief and environment tobacco smoke exposure among their pregnant wife vol.30, pp.7, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2016.1188071
- Factors Associated With Smoking Intentions Among Chinese College Students vol.13, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988318818285