Carbon letters

Korean Carbon Society (한국탄소학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Carbon nanospheres synthesized via solution combustion method: their application as an anode material and catalyst for hydrogen production

  • Dhand, Vivek (Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Rao, M. Venkateswer (Damascus Fortune Technologies Pvt Ltd.) ;
  • Prasad, J.S. (CEN, IST, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University) ;
  • Mittal, Garima (Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Rhee, Kyong Yop (Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Hyeon Ju (Seawater Utilization Plant Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering) ;
  • Jung, Dong Ho (Seawater Utilization Plant Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering)
  • Received : 2014.05.12
  • Accepted : 2014.07.02
  • Published : 2014.07.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Amorphous agglomerates of carbon nanospheres (CNS) with a diameter range of 10-50 nm were synthesized using the solution combustion method. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed a densely packed high surface area of $SP^2$-hybridized carbon; however, there were no crystalline structural components, as can be seen from the scanning electron microscopy, HRTEM, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analyses. Electrochemical and thermo catalytic decomposition study results show that the material can be used as a potential electrode candidate for the fabrication of energy storage devices and also for the production of free hydrogen if such devices are used in a fluidized bed reactor loaded with the as-prepared CNS as the catalyst bed.

Keywords

References

  1. Zhao H, Tian J, Quan X. A graphene and multienzyme functionalized carbon nanosphere-based electrochemical immunosensor for microcystin-LR detection. Colloids Surf B, 103, 38 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.10.010.
  2. Dhand V, Prasad JS, Rao MV, Mahesh KN, Anupama L, Himabindu V, Anjaneyulu Y, Raju VS, Sukumar AA. Design and development of flame reactor unit for carbon nanorods (CNRs) production. Ind J Eng Mater Sci, 14, 235 (2007).
  3. Dhand V, Prasad JS, Rao MV, Bharadwaj S, Anjaneyulu Y, Jain PK. Flame synthesis of carbon nano onions using liquefied petroleum gas without catalyst. Mater Sci Eng C, 33, 758 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2012.10.029.
  4. Rao MV, Dhand V, Prasad JS, Mahesh KN, Himabindu V, Yerramilli A, Sreedhar B. In situ lithium intercalation of carbon nanorods using flame synthesis. Compos Sci Technol, 70, 255 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.10.016.
  5. Landstrom L, Marton Z, Boman M, Heszler P. Monitoring nanoparticle formation during laser ablation of graphite in an atmospheric-pressure ambient. Appl Phys A, 79, 537 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-003-2364-5.
  6. Surovikin VF, Shaitanov AG. Formation and growth of dispersed carbon particles during pyrolysis of ethylene, benzene, and naphthalene in a reflected shock wave. Combust Explos Shock Waves, 43, 442 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10573-007-0060-z.
  7. D'Anna A, Commodo M, Violi S, Allouis C, Kent J. Nano organic carbon and soot in turbulent non-premixed ethylene flames. Proc Combust Inst, 31, 621 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.062.
  8. Dockery DW, Pope CA 3rd, Xu X, Spengler JD, Ware JH, Fay ME, Ferris BG Jr., Speizer FE. An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. N Engl J Med, 329, 1753 (1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199312093292401.
  9. Oberdorster G, Sharp Z, Atudorei V, Elder A, Gelein R, Lunts A, Kreyling W, Cox C. Extrapulmonary translocation of ultrafine carbon particles following whole-body inhalation exposure of rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A, 65, 1531 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00984100290071658.
  10. Minutolo P, Gambi G, D'Alessio A, Carlucci S. Spectroscopic characterisation of carbonaceous nanoparticles in premixed flames. Atmos Environ, 33, 2725 (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00330-6.
  11. Kang J, Li OL, Saito N. Synthesis of structure-controlled carbon nano spheres by solution plasma process. Carbon, 60, 292 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.04.040.
  12. Sawant SY, Somani RS, Panda AB, Bajaj HC. Formation and characterization of onions shaped carbon soot from plastic wastes. Mater Lett, 94, 132 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.12.035.
  13. Vander Wal RL, Tomasek AJ. Soot nanostructure: dependence upon synthesis conditions. Combust Flame, 136, 129 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2003.09.008.
  14. Vander Wal RL, Bryg VM, Huang CH. Insights into the combustion chemistry within a gas-turbine driven auxiliary power unit as a function of fuel type and power level using soot nanostructure as a tracer. Fuel, 115, 282 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.07.011.
  15. Vander Wal RL, Strzelec A, Toops TJ, Stuart Daw C, Genzale CL. Forensics of soot: C5-related nanostructure as a diagnostic of in-cylinder chemistry. Fuel, 113, 522 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.05.104.
  16. Li Z, Zhao B, Liu P, Zhao B, Chen D, Zhang Y. Synthesis of highquality single-walled carbon nanotubes by high-frequency-induction heating. Physica E, 40, 452 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2007.06.062.
  17. Triantafyllidis KS, Karakoulia SA, Gournis D, Delimitis A, Nalbandian L, Maccallini E, Rudolf P. Formation of carbon nanotubes on iron/cobalt oxides supported on zeolite-Y: effect of zeolite textural properties and particle morphology. Microporous Mesoporous Mater, 110, 128 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.10.007.
  18. Soloiu V, Lewis J, Yoshihara Y, Nishiwaki K. Combustion characteristics of a charcoal slurry in a direct injection diesel engine and the impact on the injection system performance. Energy, 36, 4353 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.04.006.
  19. Carvalho CT, Siqueira AB, Rodrigues EC, Ionashiro M. Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of solid-state compounds of 2-methoxybenzoate with some bivalent transition metal ions. Eclet Quim, 30, 19 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-46702005000400003.
  20. Wang YX, Chou SL, Liu HK, Dou SX. Reduced graphene oxide with superior cycling stability and rate capability for sodium storage. Carbon, 57, 202 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.01.064.