DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Sensitivity Analysis of the CMB Modeling Results by Considering Photochemical Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Seoul atmosphere

서울 대기에서 PAHs 광화학반응을 고려한 CMB 수용모델 결과 검토

  • Cho, Ye Seul (Departent of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Jung, Da Bin (Departent of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kim, In Sun (Inspection and Analysis Division, Metropolitan Air Quality Management Office, Ministry of Environment) ;
  • Lee, Ji Yi (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University) ;
  • Kim, Yong Pyo (Departent of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University)
  • 조예슬 (이화여자대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 정다빈 (이화여자대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 김인선 (수도권 대기환경청 조사분석과) ;
  • 이지이 (조선대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 김용표 (이화여자대학교 환경공학과)
  • Received : 2014.01.29
  • Accepted : 2014.03.11
  • Published : 2014.03.31

Abstract

Several studies have been carried out on the source contribution of the particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) over Seoul by using the Chemical Mass Balance Model (CMB)(Lee and Kim, 2007; Kim et al., 2013). To confirm the validity of the modeling results, the modified model employing a photochemical loss rate along with varying residence times and the standard model that considers no loss were compared. It was found that by considering the photochemical loss rate, a better performance was obtained as compared to those obtained from the standard model in the CMB calculation. The modified model estimated higher contributions from coke oven, transportation, and biomass burning by 4 to 8%. However, the order of the relative importance of major sources was not changed, coke oven followed by transportation and biomass burning. Thus, it was concluded that the standard CMB model results are reliable for identifying the relative importance of major sources.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한국연구재단

References

  1. ATSDR, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (1995). Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  2. Bjorseth, A., and Olufsen, B. S. (2007). Long‐Range Transport of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocar- bons, Handbook of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons edited by Alf Bjorseth, 507‐524. 
  3. Kim, I. S., Lee, J. Y., and Kim, Y. P. (2013). Impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions from North Korea to the air quality in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea, Atmospheric Environment, 70, 159‐165.
  4. Kim, Y. P. (2009). Validation of the emission inventory of volatile organic compounds in Seoul, Particle and Aerosol Research, 5, 139‐148.
  5. Lee, J. Y., and Kim, Y. P. (2007). Source apportionment of the particulate PAHs at Seoul, Korea: impact of long range transport to a megacity, Atmospheric Chemistry Physics, 7, 3587‐3596.
  6. Lee, J. Y., Kim, Y. P., and Kang, C. H. (2011). Characteristics of the ambient particulate PAHs in Seoul, a mega city of Northeast Asia in comparison with the characteristics of a background site, Atmospheric Research, 99, 50‐56.
  7. Li, A., Jang, J. K., and Scheff, P. A. (2003). Application of EPA CMB8.2 model for source apportionment of sediment PAHs in Lake Calumet, Chicago, Environmental Science and Technology, 37, 2958‐2965.
  8. Na, K. (2001). Characteristics of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in Seoul: Measurements and chemical mass balance receptor modeling, Ph. D thesis, Yonsei University, Korea.
  9. Na, K., and Kim, Y. P. (2007). Chemical mass balance receptor model applied to ambient C2‐C9 VOC concentration in Seoul, Korea: Effect of chemical reaction losses, Atmospheric Environment, 41, 6715‐6728.
  10. Niu, J., Chen, J., Martens, D., Quen, X., Yang, F., Kettrup, A., and Schramm, K. W. (2003). Photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on spruce needles under sunlight irradiation, Environmental Pollution, 123, 39‐45.
  11. Perraudin, E., Budzinski, H., and Villenave, E. (2007). Kinetic study of the reactions of oznone with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on atmospheric model particles, Atmospheric Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry, 56, 57‐82.
  12. Rogge, W. F., Hidlemann, L. M., Mazurek, M. A., Cass, G. R., and Simoneit, B. R. T. (1993a). Sources of fine organic aerosol. 2. Noncatalyst and catalyst‐equipped automobiles and heavy duty diesel trucks, Environmental Science and Technology, 27, 636‐651.
  13. Rogge, W. F., Hidlemann, L. M., Mazurek, M. A., Cass, G. R., and Simoneit, B. R. T. (1993b). Sources of fine organic aerosol. 5. Natural gas home appliances, Environmental Science and Technology, 27, 2736‐2744.
  14. Rogge, W. F., Hidlemann, L. M., Mazurek, M. A., and Cass, G. R. (1998). Sources of fine organic aerosol. 9. Pine, oak, and synthetic log combustion in residential fireplaces, Environmental Science and Technology, 32, 13‐22.
  15. US EPA, Environmental Protection Agency (1999). Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). EPA publication No. EPA/625/R‐96/010b, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
  16. US EPA, Environmental Protection Agency (2001). Emergency Planning and Community Right‐to‐Know Act‐Section 313: Guidance for Reporting Toxic Chemicals: Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Category, EPA publication No.EPA‐260‐B‐01‐03, Washington, DC.
  17. US EPA, Environmental Protection Agency (2004). EPA‐CMB8.2 Users manual, EPA publication No. EPA‐452/R‐04‐011, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
  18. US EPA, Environmental Protection Agency (2009). Guidance on the Development, Evaluation, and Application of Environmental Models, EPA publication No. EPA‐100/K‐09‐003, Council for Regulatory Environmental Modeling.
  19. Zepp, R. G., and Schlotzhauer, P. F. (1979). Photoreactivity of selected aromatic hydrocarbons in water, in: Jones, P.R., Leber, P. (Eds.), Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, MI, 141‐158.
  20. Zheng, M., Salmon, L. G., Schauer, J. J., Zheng, L., Kiang, C. S., Zhang, Y., and Cass, G. R. (2005) Seasonal trends in PM2.5 source contributions in Beijing, China, Atmos. Environ. 39, 3967-3976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.036

Cited by

  1. Source Tracking of PCDD/Fs in Ambient Air Using Pine Needles vol.41, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2015.41.1.49