생태와환경 (Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment)

한국수생태학회 (The Korean Society of Limnology)
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강원도 화천군 수달(Lutra lutra) 서식지의 식생 구조

Vegetation Structure in Otter (Lutra lutra) Home Range of Hwacheon, Gangwon-do

  • 투고 : 2013.07.30
  • 심사 : 2013.10.31
  • 발행 : 2014.02.28
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초록

수달 서식지의 식생구조를 밝히고, 식생이 수달의 서식지 선택 요인 중의 하나인지를 구명하고자 연구하였다. 강원도 화천군의 북한강 본류와 지류 지천에서 수달흔적 발견지와 미발견지를 조사하였다. 수계의 식생형은 세 유형(단경초지형, 장경초지형, 관목지형)으로 구분되었다. 단경초지는 연수위변동이 큰 파로호와 북한강 상류에 분포하며, 명아자여뀌 (Persicaria nodosa), 하늘지기 (Fimbristylis dichotoma), 좀명아주 (Chenopodium ficifolium) 같은 일년생식물이 매우 우점한다. 관목지는 지촌천의 하류와 파로호 하부의 북한강 본류에 분포하며, 버드나무 (Salix koreensis)가 절대 우점하였다. 장경초지는 지류 하천에서 흔하며 거의 달뿌리풀 (Phragmites japonica) 순군락이다. 세 유형의 식생에서 수달의 흔적은 모두 발견되었으나 수달 미발견지는 모두 장경초지이었으며, 수달 발견지와 미발견지 간에 장경초지 식생의 상관이나 종조성은 유사하였다. 그러므로 수달이 서식지 선택 시 특정한 식생형을 선호한다고 보기는 어렵다. 다만, 수달 흔적이 발견되지 않은 장경초지는 지류의 상류로써 어류풍부도가 낮은 점이 공통적이다. 수달의 서식지 선택에 먹이인 어류의 풍부성이 가장 주요한 요인인 것으로 판단된다. 어류 풍부도가 높고 사람의 영향이 적은 평화의 댐 지역이 화천군의 수달분포에 최적지인 것으로 보인다.

In order to determine whether vegetation would be one of the factors for the selection of otter home range, vegetation structure and other potential factors were studied in Hwacheon, Korea. Thirteen sites, otter's activity found and not found, were investigated in North Han River and connected tributary streams of Hwacheon-gun. Three types of vegetation were classified by cluster analysis, which is short grass, tall grass and shrub type. Vegetation zone of each channel is composed of either one type, or mosaic of tall grass and shrub type. Short grass type is common in Lake Paro and upper North Han-river where water level is highly variable throughout a year. Therefore, annual species such as Persicaria nodosa, Fimbristylis dichotomam and Chenopodium ficifolium are the most dominant. Shrub type is common at the downstream sites of Jichon stream and along mainstream of North Han River down Lake Paro. A shrub species, Salix koreensis, is the most common. Tall grass type is dominant occupying the most vegetation zone of the tributary channels. Phragmites japonica is absolutely dominant. Due to its dense cover, a few plant species are co-existed. Otter activity was found in all three vegetation types and no marked activity was found at some sites of tall grass type. There is no difference in species composition and physiognomy between tall grass sites with and without otter activity, while it shows significant difference in fish availability between two groups. Overall we found that home range of otters in the region is along the mainstream and downstream of tributary streams with high fish availability in all vegetation types and in various human activity levels.

키워드

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