DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Origin of Newton's Generalized Binomial Theorem

뉴턴의 일반화된 이항정리의 기원

  • Received : 2014.01.18
  • Accepted : 2014.03.04
  • Published : 2014.04.30

Abstract

In this paper we investigate how Newton discovered the generalized binomial theorem. Newton's binomial theorem, or binomial series can be found in Calculus text books as a special case of Taylor series. It can also be understood as a formal power series which was first conceived by Euler if convergence does not matter much. Discovered before Taylor or Euler, Newton's binomial theorem must have a good explanation of its birth and validity. Newton learned the interpolation method from Wallis' famous book ${\ll}$Arithmetica Infinitorum${\gg}$ and employed it to get the theorem. The interpolation method, which Wallis devised to find the areas under a family of curves, was by nature arithmetrical but not geometrical. Newton himself used the method as a way of finding areas under curves. He noticed certain patterns hidden in the integer binomial sequence appeared in relation with curves and then applied them to rationals, finally obtained the generalized binomial sequence and the generalized binomial theorem.

Keywords

References

  1. K. ANDEERSON, Cavalieri's method of indivisibles, 1984. (http://library.mat.uniroma1.it/appoggio/MOSTRA2006/ANDERSEN.pdf)
  2. M. CARROLL, S. DOUGHERTY, D. PERKINS, Indivisibles, infinitesimals and a tale of seventeenth-century mathematics, Math. Magazine 86 (2013), 239-254. https://doi.org/10.4169/math.mag.86.4.239
  3. J. L. COOLIDGE, The story of the binomial theorem, The Amer. Math. Monthly 56(3) (1949), 147-157. https://doi.org/10.2307/2305028
  4. D. DENNIS, S. ADDINGTON, The binomial series of Issac Newton, Mathematical Intentions (http://www.quadrivium.info.)
  5. D. DENNIS, J. CONFREY, The creation of continuous exponents: A study of the methods and epistemology of John Wallis, Researches in Collegiate Mathematics (CBMS Vol. 6) AMS (1996), 33-60.
  6. D. DENNIS, V. KREINOVICH, S. RUMP, Intervals and the origins of calculus, Reliable Computing 4(2) (1998), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009990214039
  7. D. GINSBURG, B. GROOSE, J. TAYLOR, History of the integral from the 17th century, Lecture Note (www.math.wpi.edu/IQP/BVCalcHist/calc1.html)
  8. REE Sangwook, KOH Youngmee, KIM YoungWook, e is Euler's style, Mathematics and Education 95 (2012), 68-77. 이상욱, 고영미, 김영욱, e는 오일러 스타일, 수학과 교육 (전국수학교사모임) 95 (2012), 68-77.
  9. J. STILLWELL, Mathematics and its history, 3rd ed., Springer, 2010.
  10. D. T. WHITESIDE, Newton's discovery of the general binomial theorem, The mathematical Gazette 45(353) (1961), 175-180. https://doi.org/10.2307/3612767
  11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alhazen
  12. http://www.robertnowlan.com/pdfs/Wallis,%20John.pdf
  13. http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/268025.html

Cited by

  1. Taylor 정리의 역사적 고찰과 교수방안 vol.31, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.14477/jhm.2018.31.1.019
  2. Computing the Number of Failures for Fuzzy Weibull Hazard Function vol.9, pp.22, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/math9222858