한국농림기상학회지 (Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology)

  • 제16권1호
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  • Pages.59-71
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  • 2014
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  • 1229-5671(pISSN)
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  • 2288-1859(eISSN)
한국농림기상학회 (Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology)
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저온 및 저온경과시간이 사과나무 왜성대목 및 주요품종의 내동성에 미치는 영향

Influence of Low Temperature and Chilling Time on Freezing Hardness of Apple Dwarf-rootstocks and Main Cultivars in Korea

  • 권헌중 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 사과시험장) ;
  • 사공동훈 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 사과시험장) ;
  • 송양익 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 사과시험장) ;
  • 박무용 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 사과시험장) ;
  • 윤태명 (경북대학교 원예과학과)
  • Kweon, Hun-Joong (Apple Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, R.D.A.) ;
  • Sagong, Dong-Hoon (Apple Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, R.D.A.) ;
  • Song, Yang-Yik (Apple Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, R.D.A.) ;
  • Park, Moo-Yong (Apple Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, R.D.A.) ;
  • Yoon, Tae-Myung (Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University)
  • 투고 : 2014.02.25
  • 심사 : 2014.03.27
  • 발행 : 2014.03.30
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초록

본 시험은 왜성대목, 품종 및 저온에 따른 사과나무의 내동성을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 왜성대목은 M.9와 M.26이었고, 조사품종은 조생종인 '쓰가루', 중생종인 '홍로', 만생종인 '후지'였다. 저온처리는 $0^{\circ}C$부터 $-40^{\circ}C$ 사이였다. 조사부위는 대목, 원줄기, 측지, 꽃눈 및 잎눈이었다. 조사항목은 수분손실률, 전해질 누출률 및 발아율이었다. 결과를 살펴보면, 왜성대목에 따른 수분손실률, 전해질 누출률 및 발아율의 차이는 없었다. '후지'의 수분손실률은 '쓰가루' 및 '홍로'보다 낮았으나, 발아율은 '후지'가 '쓰가루' 및 '홍로'보다 높았다. 처리온도별 수분손실률과 전해질 누출률은 처리온도가 낮을수록 증가하였으나, 발아율은 반대로 감소하는 경향이 있었다. $-35^{\circ}C$ 처리에서 대목과 원줄기부위의 발아율은 측지부위보다 높았으며, 꽃눈의 발아율은 잎눈보다 낮았다. $-10^{\circ}C$에서의 경과일수에 따른 과대지의 발아율은 28일에 100%되었다가 35일에 50%정도로 급격하게 낮아졌다. 결론적으로, M.9과 M.26의 내동성 차이는 없었으나, 만생종의 내동성은 조, 중생종보다 큰 경향이 있었다. 꽃눈의 내동성은 $-30^{\circ}C$이하에서 급격하게 약해졌다.

This study was conducted to find out the freezing hardness of apple tree as influenced by dwarfrootstocks, cultivars, and low temperature treatments. The dwarf-rootstocks used were M.9 and M.26, and three cultivars used were early-maturing 'Tsugaru', mid-maturing 'Hongro', and late-maturing 'Fuji'. Chilling temperatures were applied from $0^{\circ}C$ to $-40^{\circ}C$. Checking points of apple tree for freezing hardness were rootstock, trunk, feather, floral bud and foliar bud. Investigations were evaluated by the measure of water loss, electrolyte leaching, and sprouting. The results did not show the differences in water loss, electrolyte leaching, and sprouting by dwarf-rootstocks. Water loss of 'Fuji' was lower than that of 'Tsugaru' and 'Hongro', but sprouting ratio of 'Fuji' was higher than that of 'Tsugaru' and 'Hongro'. Water loss and electrolyte leaching increased as treated by lower temperature, while sprouting ratio decreased. In $-35^{\circ}C$ treatment, sprouting of rootstock and trunk part were higher than that of feather, while sprouting of floral bud was lower than that of foliar bud. Sprouting of bourse shoot at the accumulated low temperature in terms of $-10^{\circ}C$ per day was 100% in the 28 days, and sharply decreased about 50% in the 35 days. In conclusion, there were no differences in freezing hardness between M.9 and M.26, but freezing hardness of late-maturing cultivar was tended to stronger than that of early-maturing and mid-maturing cultivars. Freezing hardness of floral bud was extremely weak $-30^{\circ}C$.

키워드

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피인용 문헌

  1. Influence of Dormancy Level and Carbon Concentration on Freezing Hardiness in Bourse Shoot of 'Fuji' Apple Tree vol.18, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2016.18.3.151