Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (대한소아청소년정신의학회)
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Current Situation and Policies of Early Childhood Care and Education in North Korea

북한의 보육 정책 및 현황

  • Lee, So Hee (Department of Psychiatry, National Medical Center) ;
  • Kwack, Young Sook (Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Joung, Yoo-Sook (Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Soyoung Irene (Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Bongseog (Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University) ;
  • Sohn, Seok Han (Yonsei Clinic of Psychiatry) ;
  • Chung, Un-Sun (Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Yang, Jaewon (Maum to Maum Clinic) ;
  • Bhang, Soo-Young (Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Eulji University) ;
  • Hwang, Jun-Won (Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Hong, Minha (Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Yeon Jung (Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine) ;
  • Bahn, Geon Ho (Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine)
  • 이소희 (국립중앙의료원 정신건강의학과) ;
  • 곽영숙 (제주대학교 의학전문대학원 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 정유숙 (성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 이소영 (순천향대학교 의과대학 부천병원 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 김봉석 (인제대학교 의과대학 상계백병원 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 손석한 (연세신경정신과-소아청소년정신과의원) ;
  • 정운선 (경북대학교 의학전문대학원 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 양재원 (마음과 마음 정신과의원) ;
  • 방수영 (을지대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 황준원 (강원대학교 의학전문대학원 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 홍민하 (경희대학교 의학전문대학원 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 이연정 (경희대학교 의학전문대학원 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 반건호 (경희대학교 의학전문대학원 정신건강의학교실)
  • Received : 2014.01.20
  • Accepted : 2014.02.02
  • Published : 2014.03.30
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Abstract

In order to resolve the decline in population due to low birthrates, the South Korean government is expanding its free child care policies with an increased budget. In anticipating the effects and problems of our system, it will be worthy of attention to refer to the child care systems of other countries. In this paper, we reviewed the past and present policies and the current situation of the child care system in North Korea. North Korea started its free child care system earlier than that of South Korea, for the purpose of utilizing the women's labor force and rearing children to be revolutionary men of Juche type (Kimilsungism), in order to construct a communistic society. 'Child Care Education Law', which is the legal foundation of the child care system, regulates institutions for nursery schools and kindergarten and informs people that the country is responsible for support of child care. Despite their interest and progress in both quantity and quality in the child care system until the 1980s, the free child care system was partially disrupted, and discrepancies between ideology and actual situation were revealed due to economic difficulties from the 1990s. Because people's survival and physical health have been threatened, it is barely possible to find any study investigating the effect of institutional child care from early childhood and the instillation of unique ideology by group education from the preschool period on mental health.

Keywords

References

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