References
- Berelson, B., Lazarsfeld, P., & McPhee, W. (1954). Voting: A Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Berger, C. R. (2009). Interpersonal communication. In D. W. Stacks & M. B. Salwen (Eds.), Civic Life Online: Learning How Digital Media Can Engage Youth (pp. 1-24). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Brundidge, J. (2010). Encountering ''difference'' in the contemporary public sphere: The contribution of the Internet to the heterogeneity of political discussion networks. Journal of Communication, 60(4), 680-700. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01509.x
- Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
- Cambell, A., Gurin, G., & Miller, W. E. (1954). The Voter Decides. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson.
- Eveland, W. P., Jr., & Hively, M. H. (2005). Political discussion frequency, network size and "heterogeneity" of discussion as predictors of political knowledge and participation. Journal of Communication, 59(2), 205-224.
- Garrett, R. K. (2009). Echo chambers online?: Politically motivated selective exposure among Internet news users. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 14(2), 265-285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01440.x
- Gil de Zuniga, H., & Valenzuela, S. (2011). The mediating path to a stronger citizenship: Online and offline networks, weak ties, and civic engagement. Communication Research, 38(3), 387-421.
- Giles, M. W., & Dantico, M. K. (1982). Political participation and the neighborhood social context revisited. American Journal of Political Science, 26(1), 144-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/2110844
- Granovetter, M. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380. https://doi.org/10.1086/225469
- Grosser, J., & Schram, A. (2006). Neighborhood information exchange and voter participation: An experimental study. American Political Science Review, 100(2), 235-248. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055406062137
- Huckfeldt, R. (1979). Political participation and the neighborhood social context. American Journal of Political Science. 23(3), 579-92. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111030
- Huckfeldt, R., Johnson, P. E., & Sprague, J. (2002). Political environments, political dynamics, and the survival of disagreement. The Journal of Politics, 64(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2508.00115
- Huckfeldt, R., Johnson, P. E., & Sprague, J. (2004). Political Disagreement: The Survival of Diverse Opinions within Communication Networks. New York: Cambridge University.
- Huckfeldt, R., Mendez, J. M. and Osborn, T. (2004). Disagreement, Ambivalence, and Engagement: The Political Consequences of Heterogeneous Networks. Political Psychology, 25(1), 65-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00357.x
- Huckfeldt, R., & Sprague, J. (1995). Citizens, Politics, and Social Communication: Information and Influence in an Election Campaign. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Jang, S. (2009). Are diverse political networks always bad for participatory democracy? Indifference, alienation, and political disagreements. American Politics Research, 37(5), 879-898. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X09332790
- Jun, N. (2012). Contribution of Internet news use to reducing the influence of selective online exposure on political diversity. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(4), 1450-1457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.03.007
- Katz, E., & Lazarsfeld, P. F. (1955). Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communication. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
- Kenny, C. B. (1994). The microenvironment of attitude change. Journal of Politics. 56(3), 715-728. https://doi.org/10.2307/2132189
- Kwak, N., Willams, A. E., Wang, X., & Lee, H. (2005). Talking politics and engaging politics:An examination of the interactive relations between structural features of political talk and discussion engagement. Communication Research. 32(1), 87-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650204271400
- Lazarsfeld, P., Berelson, B., & Gaudet, H. (1944). People's Choice: How the Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign. New York: Duell, Sloan & Pearce.
- Leighley, J. (1990). Social interaction and contextual influences on political participation. American Politics Research, 18(4), 459-475. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X9001800404
- Lin, N. (2001) Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- McClurg, S. D. (2006a). Political disagreement in context: The conditional effect of neighborhood context, disagreement and political talk on electoral participation. Political Behavior. 28(4), 349-366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-006-9015-4
- McClurg, S. D. (2006b). The electoral relevance of political talk: Examining disagreement and expertise effects in social networks on political participation. American Journal of Political Science, 50(3), 737-754. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00213.x
- McLeod, J. M., Kosicki, G. M., & McLeod, D. M. (1994). The expanding boundaries of political communication effects. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 123-162). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook J. M. (2001). Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 415-444. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415
- Moy, P., & Gastil, J. (2006). Predicting deliberative conversation: The impact of discussion networks, media use, and political cognitions. Political Communication, 23(4), 443-460. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600600977003
- Mutz, D. C. (2002). The consequences of cross-cutting networks for political participation. American Journal of Political Science, 46(4), 838-855. https://doi.org/10.2307/3088437
- Mutz, D. C. (2006). Hearing the other side: deliberative versus participatory democracy. New York: Cambridge University.
- Mutz, D. C., & Martin, P. S. (2001). Facilitating communication across lines of political difference. The American Political Science Review, 95(1), 97-114.
- Orum, A. M. (1976). Individual autonomy and social constraints in the political arena: Signs and designs in the United States. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for the Study of Social Problems, New York City.
- Scheufele, D. A., Hardy, B.W., Brossard, D., Waismel-Manor, I. S., & Nisbet, E. C. (2006). Democracy based on difference: Examining the links between structural heterogeneity, heterogeneity of discussion networks, and democratic citizenship. Journal of Communication, 56(4), 728-753. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00317.x
- Scheufele, D. A., Nisbet, M. C., Brossard, D., & Nisbet, E. C. (2004). Social structure and citizenship: Examining the impact of social setting, network heterogeneity, and informational variables on political participation. Political Communication, 21(3), 315-338. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600490481389
- Schmitt-Beck, R. (2004). Political communication effects: The impact of mass media and personal conversations on voting. In E. Esser, & B. Pfetsch (Eds.), Comparing Political communication: Theories, Cases and Challenges (pp. 293-322). Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.
- Son, J., & Lin, N. (2008). Social capital and civic action: A network-based approach. Social Science Research, 37(1), 330-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2006.12.004
- Stroud, N. J. (2007). Media use and political predispositions: Revisiting the concept of selective exposure. Political Behavior. 30(3), 341-366.
- Ulbig, S. G., & Funk, C. L. (1999). Conflict avoidance and political participation. Political Behavior, 21(3), 265-282. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022087617514
- Verva, S., Schlozman, K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Weismann, G. (1982). On the importance of marginality: One more step into the two-step flow of communication. American Sociological Review, 47(6), 764-773. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095212
- Zipp, J. F., & Smith, J. (1979). The structure of electoral political participation. American Journal of Sociology. 85(1), 167-77. https://doi.org/10.1086/226979