International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials

  • 제8권4호
  • /
  • Pages.289-299
  • /
  • 2014
  • /
  • 1976-0485(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2234-1315(eISSN)
한국콘크리트학회 (Korea Concrete Institute)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Microstructural, Mechanical, and Durability Related Similarities in Concretes Based on OPC and Alkali-Activated Slag Binders

  • Vance, Kirk (School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University) ;
  • Aguayo, Matthew (School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University) ;
  • Dakhane, Akash (School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University) ;
  • Ravikumar, Deepak (Solidia Technologies) ;
  • Jain, Jitendra (Solidia Technologies) ;
  • Neithalath, Narayanan (School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University)
  • 투고 : 2014.02.20
  • 심사 : 2014.05.26
  • 발행 : 2014.12.30
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Alkali-activated slag concretes are being extensively researched because of its potential sustainability-related benefits. For such concretes to be implemented in large scale concrete applications such as infrastructural and building elements, it is essential to understand its early and long-term performance characteristics vis-a'-vis conventional ordinary portland cement (OPC) based concretes. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the property and performance features including early-age isothermal calorimetric response, compressive strength development with time, microstructural features such as the pore volume and representative pore size, and accelerated chloride transport resistance of OPC and alkali-activated binder systems. Slag mixtures activated using sodium silicate solution ($SiO_2$-to-$Na_2O$ ratio or $M_s$ of 1-2) to provide a total alkalinity of 0.05 ($Na_2O$-to-binder ratio) are compared with OPC mixtures with and without partial cement replacement with Class F fly ash (20 % by mass) or silica fume (6 % by mass). Major similarities are noted between these binder systems for: (1) calorimetric response with respect to the presence of features even though the locations and peaks vary based on $M_s$, (2) compressive strength and its development, (3) total porosity and pore size, and (4) rapid chloride permeability and non-steady state migration coefficients. Moreover, electrical impedance based circuit models are used to bring out the microstructural features (resistance of the connected pores, and capacitances of the solid phase and pore-solid interface) that are similar in conventional OPC and alkali-activated slag concretes. This study thus demonstrates that performance-equivalent alkali-activated slag systems that are more sustainable from energy and environmental standpoints can be proportioned.

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제 주관 기관 : National Science Foundation

참고문헌

  1. Altan, E., & Erdogan, S. T. (2012). Alkali activation of a slag at ambient and elevated temperatures. Cement & Concrete Composites, 34, 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.08.003
  2. Atahan, H. N., Oktar, O. N., & Tasdemir, M. A. (2009). Effects of water-cement ratio and curing time on the critical pore width of hardened cement paste. Construction and Building Materials, 23, 1196-1200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.08.011
  3. Bernal, S. A., Mejia de Gutierrez, R., Pedraza, A. L., Provis, J. L., Rodriguez, E. D., & Delvasto, S. (2011). Effect of binder content on the performance of alkali-activated slag concretes. Cement and Concrete Research, 41, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.08.017
  4. Bernal, S. A., Mejia de Gutierrez, R., & Provis, J. L. (2012). Engineering and durability properties of concretes based on alkali-activated granulated blast furnace slag/metakaolin blends. Construction and Building Materials, 33, 99-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.01.017
  5. Chang, J. J. (2003). A study on the setting characteristics of sodium silicate-activated slag pastes. Cement and Concrete Research, 33, 1005-1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)01096-7
  6. Chithiraputhiran, S. (2012). Kinetics of alkali activation of slag and fly ash-slag systems. M.S Thesis, Arizona State University, 2012, Tempe, AZ.
  7. Chithiraputhiran, S., & Neithalath, N. (2013). Isothermal reaction kinetics and alkali activation of slag, fly ash, and their blends. Construction and Building Materials, 45, 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.061
  8. Diamond, S. (2000). Mercury porosimetry: An inappropriate method for the measurement of pore size distributions in cement-based materials. Cement and Concrete Research, 30, 1517-1525. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00370-7
  9. Duxson, P., Fernandez-Jimenez, A., Provis, J., Lukey, G., Palomo, A., & van Deventer, J. S. J. (2007). Geopolymer technology: The current state of the art. Journal of Materials Science, 42, 2917-2933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0637-z
  10. Fernandez-Jimenez, A., Palomo, J. G., & Puertas, F. (1999). Alkali-activated slag mortars: Mechanical strength behaviour. Cement and Concrete Research, 29, 1313-1321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00154-4
  11. Hajimohammadi, A., Provis, J. L., & van Deventer, J. S. J. (2011). The effect of silica availability on the mechanism of geopolymerisation. Cement and Concrete Research, 41, 210-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.02.001
  12. Jain, J., & Neithalath, N. (2011). Electrical impedance analysis based quantification of microstructural changes in concretes due to non-steady state chloride migration. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 129, 569-579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.04.057
  13. Kumar, A., Oey, T., Falla, G. P., Henkenseifken, R., Neithalath, N., & Sant, G. (2013). A comparison of intergrinding and blending limestone on reaction and strength evolution in cementitious materials. Construction and Building Materials, 43, 428-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.032
  14. Mehta, P. K. (2007). Sustainability of the concrete industry-Critical issues, ACI Strategic Development Committee's. Concrete Summit on Sustainable Development, March 29, Washington, DC.
  15. Moro, F., & Bohni, H. (2002). Ink-bottle effect in mercury intrusion porosimetry of cement-based materials. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 246, 135-149. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.7962
  16. Neithalath, N., & Jain, J. (2010). Relating rapid chloride transport parameters of concretes to microstructural features extracted from electrical impedance. Cement and Concrete Research, 40, 1041-1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.02.016
  17. Neithalath, N., Persun, J., & Hossain, A. (2009). Hydration in high-performance cementitious systems containing vitreous calcium aluminosilicate or silica fume. Cement and Concrete Research, 39, 473-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.03.006
  18. Neithalath, N., & Ravikumar, D. (2013). Evaluating the use of accelerated test methods for chloride transport in alkali activated slag concretes using electrical impedance and associated models. ASTM STP 1566.
  19. NT Build 492 (1999). Concrete, mortar and cement-based repair materials: chloride migration coefficient from non-steadystate migration experiments. NordtestProj, Espoo.
  20. Pacheco-Torgal, F., Abdollahnejad, Z., Camoes, A. F., Jamshidi M., & Ding, Y. (2012). Durability of alkali-activated binders: A clear advantage over Portland cement or an unproven issue? Construction and Building Materials, 30, 400-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.017
  21. Pacheco-Torgal, F., Castro-Gomes, J., & Jalali, S. (2008). Alkali-activated binders: A review: Part 1. Historical background, terminology, reaction mechanisms and hydration products. Construction and Building Materials, 22, 1305-1314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.10.015
  22. Palomo, A., Grutzeck, M., & Blanco, M. (1999). Alkali-activated fly ashes: A cement for the future. Cement and Concrete Research, 29, 1323-1329. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00243-9
  23. Provis, J. L., & Van Deventer, J. S. J. (2009). Geopolymers: Structure, processing, properties and industrial applications. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead.
  24. Puertas, F., Fernandez-Jimenez, A., & Blanco-Varela, M. T. (2004). Pore solution in alkali-activated slag cement pastes. Relation to the composition and structure of calcium silicate hydrate. Cement and Concrete Research, 34, 195-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00250-3
  25. Ravikumar, D., & Neithalath, N. (2012a). Reaction kinetics in sodium silicate powder and liquid activated slag evaluated using isothermal calorimetry. Thermochimica Acta, 546, 32-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2012.07.010
  26. Ravikumar, D., & Neithalath, N. (2012b). Effects of activator characteristics on the reaction product formation in slag binders activated using alkali silicate powder and NaOH. Cement & Concrete Composites, 34, 809-818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.03.006
  27. Ravikumar, D., & Neithalath, N. (2013). Electrically induced chloride ion transport in alkali activated slag concretes and the influence of microstructure. Cement and Concrete Research, 47, 31-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.01.007
  28. Ravikumar, D., Peethamparan, S., & Neithalath, N. (2010). Structure and strength of NaOH activated concretes containing fly ash or GGBFS as the sole binder. Cement & Concrete Composites, 32, 399-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.03.007
  29. Schwarz, N., & Neithalath, N. (2010). Chloride transport in glass powder and fly ash modified concretes-Influence of test methods on microstructure. Cement & Concrete Composites, 32, 148-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.11.010
  30. Shi, C., Krivenko, P. V., & Roy, D. (2006). Alkali-activated cements and concretes. London, UK: Spon Press.
  31. Song, S., Sohn, D., Jennings, H. M., & Mason, T. O. (2000). Hydration of alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag. Journal of Material Science, 35, 249-257. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004742027117
  32. Vance, K., Aguayo, M., Oey, T., Sant, G., & Neithalath, N. (2013). Hydration and strength development in ternary portland cement blends containing limestone and fly ash or metakaolin. Cement & Concrete Composites, 39, 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.03.028
  33. Wang, S., Scrivener, K. L., & Pratt, P. L. (1994). Factors affecting the strength of alkali-activated slag. Cement and Concrete Research, 24, 1033-1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(94)90026-4
  34. Yip, C. K., Lukey, G. C., & van Deventer, J. S. J. (2005). The coexistence of geopolymeric gel and calcium silicate hydrate at the early stage of alkaline activation. Cement and Concrete Research, 35, 1688-1697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.10.042

피인용 문헌

  1. Image Analysis and DC Conductivity Measurement for the Evaluation of Carbon Nanotube Distribution in Cement Matrix vol.9, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-015-0121-8
  2. Quantitative 2D Restrained Shrinkage Cracking of Cement Paste with Wollastonite Microfibers vol.28, pp.9, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001592
  3. An Alkali Activated Binder for High Chemical Resistant Self-Leveling Mortar vol.6, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4236/ojcm.2016.64013
  4. Durability of Bricks Coated with Red mud Based Geopolymer Paste vol.149, pp.None, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/149/1/012070
  5. Tensile Properties of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete After Exposure to Elevated Temperatures vol.10, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-016-0125-z
  6. Early strength and durability of metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete vol.69, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.16.00118
  7. Durability of alkali-activated materials in aggressive environments: A review on recent studies vol.152, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.027
  8. Acid and Sulfate Resistance of Alkali-Activated Ternary Blended Composite Binder vol.30, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002131
  9. Influence of Pseudowollastonite on the Performance of Low Calcium Amorphous Hydraulic Binders vol.12, pp.20, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203457
  10. Activating effect of potassium silicate solution in low portland cement binder vol.319, pp.None, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.126091