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Spatiotemporal Assessment of the Late Marginal Heading Date of Rice using Climate Normal Data in Korea

평년 기후자료를 활용한 국내 벼 안전출수 한계기의 시공간적 변화 평가

  • Lee, Dongjun (Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Junhwan (Rice Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Kwang Soo (Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University)
  • 이동준 (서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 식물생산과학부) ;
  • 김준환 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 답작과) ;
  • 김광수 (서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 식물생산과학부)
  • Received : 2014.09.11
  • Accepted : 2014.11.05
  • Published : 2014.12.30

Abstract

Determination of the late marginal heading date (LMHD), which would allow estimation of the late marginal seeding date and the late marginal transplanting date, would help identification of potential double cropping areas and, as a result, establishment of cropping systems. The objective of this study was to determine the LMHD at 51 sites in Korea. For these sites, weather data were obtained from 1971 to 2000 and from 1981 to 2010, which represent past and current normal climate conditions, respectively. To examine crop productivity on the LMHD, climatic yield potential (CYP) was determined to represent the potential yield under a given climate condition. The LMHD was calculated using accumulated temperature for 40 days with threshold values of $760^{\circ}C$, $800^{\circ}C$, $840^{\circ}C$ and $880^{\circ}C$. The value of CYP on a given LMHD was determined using mean temperature and sunshine duration for 40 days from the LMHD. The value of CYP on the LMHD was divided by the maximum value of CYP (CYPmax) in a season to represent the relative yield on the LMHD compared with the potential yield in the season. Our results indicated that the LMHD was delayed at most sites under current normal conditions compared with past conditions. Spatial variation of the LMHD differed by the threshold temperature. Overall, the minimum value of CYP/CYPmax was 81.8% under all of given conditions. In most cases, the value of CYP/CYPmax was >90%, which suggested that yield could be comparable to the potential yield even though heading would have occurred on the LMHD. When the LMHD could be scheduled later without considerable reduction in yield, the late marginal transplanting date could also be delayed accordingly, which would facilitate doublecropping in many areas in Korea. Yield could be affected by sudden change of temperature during a grain filling period. Yet, CYP was calculated using mean temperature and sunshine duration for 40 days after heading. Thus, the value of CYP/CYPmax may not represent actual yield potential due to change of the LMHD, which suggested that further study would be merited to take into account the effect of weather events during grain filling periods on yield using crop growth model and field experiments.

출수한계기의 설정을 통해 이앙한계기 및 파종한계기 추정이 가능하며, 이는 이모작 가능 지대를 파악할 수 있게 하여 기후변화에 따른 작부체계 설정에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 과거평년인 1971년부터 2000년까지의 기상자료와 현재평년인 1981년부터 2010년까지의 기상자료를 이용하여 51개의 관측지점에서의 출수한계기를 설정하였으며 최대 잠재적 수량 개념인 기후등숙량을 이용하여 생산성을 검정하였다. 출수 후 40일 동안 평균기온의 누적온도를 이용하여 계산되는 출수한계기를 설정하기 위해 $760^{\circ}C$, $800^{\circ}C$, $840^{\circ}C$$880^{\circ}C$를 기준온도로 사용하였다. 또한, 기후등숙량은 출수 후 40일 간의 평균온도 및 일조시간을 이용하였다. 출수한계기에서 출수를 하였을 경우 일반적인 벼 재배시기에 비해 수량이 얼마나 감소하는지를 분석하기 위해 출수한계기에서의 기후등숙량을 기후등숙량의 최대값으로 나눠 그 비율값인 $CYP/CYP_{max}$을 구하였다. 출수한계기 분석 결과 과거평년에 비해 현재평년에서 출수한계기가 앞당겨지거나 변화가 없는 관측지점도 있었으나 대부분의 지점에서 출수한 계기가 늦추어졌으며 기준온도별로 그 변화가 상이하였다. $CYP/CYP_{max}$값은 모든 조건에서 81.8%이상의 값을 보였으며 대부분의 조건에서 90%이상의 값을 보였다. 따라서, 출수한계기까지 출수를 늦추더라도 기후적인 측면에서는 수량에 대한 손실이 크지 않을 것으로 사료된다. 출수한계기가 늦추어진 경우, 이는 이앙한계기 역시 늦추어질 것을 나타내며, 결국, 기후변화 조건에서 이모작 가능 지역이 증가할 가능성이 높을 것으로 사료되었다. 본 연구는 출수 후 40일간의 평균온도와 일조만을 대상으로 분석하여, 급작스러운 기온저하나 개화기 고온장해 등과 같은 기상장해 등은 고려하지 않았다. 따라서, 등숙기 기간동안의 특이적인 기상조건을 고려하고 보다 생물리학적인 수량예측을 위해 작물 모델을 사용한 연구가 추후에 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 또한, 이러한 방법을 사용하여 우리나라뿐만 아니라 동아시아 지역에서 미래기후조건에서의 재배한계기에 대한 분석를 통해 지역적인 기후변화적응 대책에 대한 연구가 필요할 것이다.

Keywords

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