초록
기온감률에 의한 고도보정만으로 표현되지 않는 산악지대의 한낮 기온 분포를 추정하기 위해 사면 일사효과모형이 사용되어왔으나 많은 경우 과다추정 경향이 나타났다. 그 원인을 찾고 기존 방법을 개선하기 위한 방안을 모색하기 위해 야외실험을 수행하였다. 경남 하동군 악양집수역의 고밀도 관측망으로부터 2012~2013년의 맑은 날 1500 기온, 1100-1500 적산일사량, 그리고 평균풍속자료를 수집하여 분석한 결과 고도보정 기온추정오차는 풍속과 높은 상관이 확인되었다. 이 결과를 토대로 일사효과모형을 풍속가중치에 의해 보정하는 간단한 방법을 도출하였다. 이 새로운 방법에 의해 2012-2013 기간 중 맑은 날에 대하여 악양집수역 내 10개 검증관측지점의 1500 기온을 추정하여 실측치와 비교하였다. 또한 기존 고도보정 추정치 및 일사효과모형 추정치와도 비교하였다. 그 결과 고도보정에 의한 추정치의 오차특성인 편기성과, 일사효과모형의 과다추정 경향이 새로운 방법에 의해 크게 개선되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
The effect of solar irradiance has been used to estimate daily maximum temperature, which make it possible to reduce the error inherent to lapse-rate based elevation difference correction in mountainous terrain. Still, recent observations indicated that the effect of solar radiation would need correction for estimation of daily maximum temperature. It was attempted to examine what would cause the variability of solar irradiance effect in determination of daily maximum temperature under natural field conditions and to suggest improved methods for estimation of the temperature distribution over mountainous regions. Temperature at 1500 and the wind speed for 1100 to 1500 were obtained at 10 validation sites with various topographical features including slope and aspect within a mountainous $50km^2$ catchment for 2012-2013. Lapse-rate corrected temperature estimates on clear days were compared with these observations, which would represent the differential irradiance effect among sloped surfaces. Results indicated a negative correlation between the mean wind speed and the estimation error. A simple scheme was derived from relationship between wind speed and estimation error for daily temperature to correct the effect of solar radiation. This scheme was incorporated into an existing model to estimate daily maximum temperature based on the effect of solar radiation. At 10 validation sites on clear days, estimates of 1500 LST temperature with and without the correction scheme were compared. It was found that a substantial improvement was achieved when the correction scheme was applied in terms of bias correction as well as error size reduction at all sites.
