DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Peppermint Oil Promotes Hair Growth without Toxic Signs

  • Received : 2014.12.04
  • Accepted : 2014.12.26
  • Published : 2014.12.31

Abstract

Peppermint (Mentha piperita) is a plant native to Europe and has been widely used as a carminative and gastric stimulant worldwide. This plant also has been used in cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component and skin conditioning agent. This study investigated the effect of peppermint oil on hair growth in C57BL/6 mice. The animals were randomized into 4 groups based on different topical applications: saline (SA), jojoba oil (JO), 3% minoxidil (MXD), and 3% peppermint oil (PEO). The hair growth effects of the 4-week topical applications were evaluated in terms of hair growth, histological analysis, enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gene expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), known bio-markers for the enhanced hair growth. Of the 4 experimental groups, PEO group showed the most prominent hair growth effects; a significant increase in dermal thickness, follicle number, and follicle depth. ALP activity and IGF-1 expression also significantly increased in PEO group. Body weight gain and food efficiency were not significantly different between groups. These results suggest that PEO induces a rapid anagen stage and could be used for a practical agent for hair growth without change of body weight gain and food efficiency.

Keywords

References

  1. Stough, D., Stenn, K., Haber, R., Parsley, W.M., Vogel, J.E., Whiting, D.A. and Washenik, K. (2005) Psychological effect, pathophysiology, and management of androgenetic alopecia in men. Mayo Clin. Proc., 80, 1316-1322. https://doi.org/10.4065/80.10.1316
  2. Shapiro, J. and Price, V.H. (1998) Hair regrowth therapeutic agents. Dermatol. Clin., 16, 341-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-8635(05)70017-6
  3. Buhl, A.E., Waldon, D.J., Baker, C.A. and Johnson, G.A. (1990) Minoxidil sulfate is the active metabolite that stimulates hair follicles. J. Invest. Dermatol., 95, 553-557. https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12504905
  4. Trueb, R.M. (2002) Molecular mechanisms of androgenetic alopecia. Exp. Gerontol., 37, 981-990. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0531-5565(02)00093-1
  5. Messenger, A.G. and Rundegren, J. (2004) Minoxidil: mechanisms of action on hair growth. Br. J. Dermatol., 150, 186-194. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05785.x
  6. Hills, J.M. and Aaronson, P.I. (1991) The mechanism of action of peppermint oil on gastrointestinal smooth muscle: an analysis using patch clamp electrophysiology and isolated tissue pharmacology in rabbit and guinea pig. Gastroenterology, 101, 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(91)90459-X
  7. Inoue, T., Sugimoto, Y., Masuda, H. and Kamei, C. (2001) Effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) extracts on experimental allergic rhinitis in rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 24, 92-95. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.24.92
  8. Comar, K.M. and Kirby, D.F. (2005) Herbal remedies in gastroenterology. J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 39, 457-468. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mcg.0000165650.09500.3a
  9. Schelz, Z., Molnar, J. and Hohmann, J. (2006) Antimicrobial and antiplasmid activities of essential oils. Fitoerapia, 77, 279-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2006.03.013
  10. Han, J.H., Kwon, O.S., Chung, J.H., Cho, K.H., Eun, H.C. and Kim, K.H. (2004) Effect of minoxidil on proliferation and apoptosis in dermal papilla cells of human hair follicle. J. Dermatol. Sci., 34, 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2004.01.002
  11. Wester, R.C., Maibach, H.I., Guy, R.H. and Novak, E. (1984) Minoxidil stimulates cutaneous blood flow in human balding scalps: pharmacodynamics measured by laser Doppler velocimetry and photopulse plethysmography. J. Invest. Dermatol., 82, 515-517. https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12261084
  12. Headington, J.T. (1987) Hair follicle biology and topical minoxidil: possible mechanisms of action. Dermatologica, 175 Supple 2, 19-22. https://doi.org/10.1159/000248894
  13. Mori, O. and Uno, H. (1990) The effect of topical minoxidil on hair follicular cycles of rats. J. Dermatol., 17, 276-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.1990.tb01641.x
  14. Muller-Rover, S., Handjiski, B., van der Veen, C., Eichmüller, S., Foitzik, K., McKay, I.A., Stenn, K.S. and Paus, R. (2001) A comprehensive guide for the accurate classification of murine hair follicles in distinct hair cycle stages. J. Invest. Dermatol., 117, 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01377.x
  15. Chen, C.H., Sheu, M.T., Wu, A.B., Lin K.P. and Ho, H.O. (2005) Simultaneous effects of tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) on local hair growth promotion and systemic absorption of topically applied minoxidil in a mouse model. Int. J. Pharm., 306, 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.09.005
  16. Chiyotani, A., Tamaoki, J., Takeuchi, S., Kondo, M., Isono, K. and Konno, K. (1994) Stimulation by menthol of Cl secretion via a $Ca^{2+}$-dependent mechanism in canine airway epithelium. Br. J. Pharmacol., 112, 571-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb13112.x
  17. Aqil, M., Ahad, A., Sultana, Y. and Ali, A. (2007) Status of terpenes as skin penetration enhancers. Drug Discovery Today, 12, 1061-1067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2007.09.001
  18. Cal, K., Kupiec, K. and Sznitowska, M. (2006) Effect of physicochemical properties of cyclic terpenes on their ex vivo skin absorption and elimination kinetics. J. Dermatol. Sci., 41, 137-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2005.09.003
  19. Jain, A.K., Thomas, N.S. and Panchagnula, R. (2002) Transdermal drug delivery of imipramine hydrochloride. J. Controlled Release, 79, 93-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-3659(01)00524-7
  20. Cal, K. and Sopala, M. (2008) Ex vivo skin absorption of terpenes from Vicks VapoRub$^(R)$ ointment. Med. Sci. Monit., 14, Pl19-123.
  21. Iida, M., Ihara, S. and Matsuzaki, T. (2007) Hair cycle-dependent changes of alkaline phosphatase activity in the mesenchyme and epithelium in mouse vibrissal follicles. Dev. Growth Differ., 49, 185-195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-169X.2007.00907.x
  22. Hamada, K. and Suzuki, K. (1996) Evaluation of biochemical indices as a hair cycle marker in C3H mice. Exp. Anim., 45, 251-256. https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.45.251
  23. Stewart, C.E. and Rotwein, P. (1996) Growth, differentiation, and survival: multiple physiological functions for insulin-like growth factors. Physiol. Rev., 76, 1005-1026. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1996.76.4.1005
  24. Weger, N. and Schlake, T. (2005) IGF-1 signalling controls the hair growth cycle and the differentiation of hair shafts. J. Invest. Dermatol., 125, 873-882. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23946.x

Cited by

  1. Topically used herbal products for the treatment of hair loss: preclinical and clinical studies vol.309, pp.8, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-017-1759-7