References
- AOAC. 2000. Official methods of analysis, 17th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
- Armentano, L. E., T. A. Herrinton, C. E. Polan, A. J. Moe, J. H. Herbein, and P. Umstadt. 1986. Ruminal degradation of dried brewers grains, wet brewers grains and soybean meal. J. Dairy Sci. 69:2124-2133. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(86)80644-0
- Bae, J. S., Y. I. Kim, S. H. Jung, Y. G. Oh, and W. S. Kwak. 2006. Evaluation on feed-nutritional value of spent mushroom (Pleurotus osteratus, Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutupes) substrates as a roughage source for ruminants. Korean J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 48:237-246. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2006.48.2.237
- Ball, A. S. and A. M. Jackson. 1995. The recovery of lignocellulose degrading enzymes from spent mushroom compost. Bioresour. Technol. 54:311-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(95)00153-0
- Barker, S. B. and W. H. Summerson. 1941. The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in biological material. J. Biol. Chem. 138:535-554.
- Bonnen, A. M., L. H. Anton, and A. B. Orth. 1994. Lignin degrading enzymes of the commercial button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:960-965.
- Chaney, A. L. and E. P. Marbach. 1962. Modified reagents for the determination of urea and ammonia. Clim. Chem. 8:130-132.
- Cho, W. M., B. H. Paek, S. W. Kang, J. S. Kim, and Y. K. Kim. 2001. Effects of dietary supplements of clay minerals on the growth performance and immunity in growing Hanwoo steers. Korean J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 43:203-210.
- Dubois, M., K. A. Gilles, J. K. Hamilton, P. A. Rebers, and F. Smith. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal. Chem. 28:350-356. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017
- Duque, J. A., J. P. Fontenot, K. E. Webb, Jr. and J. C. A. Berger. 1978. Fermentation and digestibility of broiler litter ensiled at different moisture levels by addition of whey or water. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Res. Div. Rep. 174:108.
- Erwin, E. S., G. J. Naro, and E. M. Emery. 1961. Volatile fatty acid analysis of blood and rumen fluid by gas chromatography. J. Dairy Sci. 44:1768-1771. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(61)89956-6
- Fazaeli, H. and A. R. Talebian Masoodi. 2006. Spent wheat straw compost of Agaricus bisporus mushroom as ruminant feed. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 19:845-851. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.845
- Fontenot, J. P. 2001. Utilization of poultry litter as feed for beef cattle. FDA Public Hearing on Animal Feeding Regulation, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- Gao, L., H. Yang, X. Wang, Z. Huang, M. Ishii, Y. Igarashi, and Z. Cui. 2008. Rice straw fermentation using lactic acid bacteria. Bioresour. Technol. 99:2742-2748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.001
- Goering, H. R. and P. J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage fiber analysis. Handbook 379. US Department of Agriculture, USA.
- Kang, S. W., J. S. Kim, W. M. Cho, B. S. Ahn, K. S. Ki, and Y. S. Son. 2002. Effect of domestic clay minerals on growth performance and carcass characteristics in growing-fattening Hanwoo steers. Korean J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 44:327-340. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2002.44.3.327
- Kim, Y. I., W. M. Cho, S. K. Hong, Y. K. Oh, and W. S. Kwak. 2011. Yield, nutrient characteristics, ruminal solubility and degradability of spent mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) substrates for ruminants. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 24:1560-1568. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.11076
- Kim, Y. I., S H. Jeong, J. S. Seok, S. Y. Yang, J. W. Huh, and W. S. Kwak. 2008a. Isolation and identification of hydrolytic enzyme-producing bacteria from spent mushroom substrate. Korean J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 50:713-720. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2008.50.5.713
- Kim, Y. I., S. H. Jung, J. S. Seok, S. Y. Yang, J. W. Huh, and W. S. Kwak. 2007b. Isolation and identification of high cellulolytic bacteria from spent mushroom substrate and determination of optimal medium conditions for the growth. Kor. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 35:255-260.
- Kim, Y. I., S. H. Jung, S. Y. Yang, J. W. Huh, and W. S. Kwak. 2007c. Effects of cellulolytic microbes inoculation during deep stacking of spent mushroom substrates on cellulolytic enzyme activity and nutrients utilization by sheep. Korean J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 49:667-676. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2007.49.5.667
- Kim, Y. I., J. S. Seok, and W. S. Kwak. 2008b. Effect of mixed microbes addition on chemical change and silage storage of spent mushroom substrates. Korean J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 50:831-838. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2008.50.6.831
- Kim, Y. I., J. S. Seok, and W. S. Kwak. 2010. Evaluation of microbially ensiled spent mushroom (Pleurotus osteratus) substrates (bed-type cultivation) as a roughage for ruminants. Korean J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 52:117-124. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2010.52.2.117
- Kwak, W. S., S. H. Jung, and Y. I. Kim. 2008. Broiler litter supplementation improves storage and feed-nutritional value of sawdust-based spent mushroom substrate. Bioresour. Technol. 99:2947-2955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.06.021
- Kwak, W. S., Y. I. Kim, J. S. Seok, Y. K. Oh, and S. M. Lee. 2009. Molasses and microbial inoculants improve fermentability and silage quality of cotton waste-based spent mushroom substrate. Bioresour. Technol. 100:1471-1473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.07.066
- Lee, K. S., K. Y. Lee, C. S. Oh, D. G. Lee, and Y. J. Kim. 2004. Effect of aeration for the probiotic feed production from food wastes by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. KOWREC. 11:114-119.
- Lee, S. M., Y. I. Kim, and W. S. Kwak. 2010a. Effect of by-product mixing silage feeding on the eating and ruminating behavior of Hanwoo steer. J. Korean Grassl. Forage Sci. 30:159-168. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2010.30.2.159
- Lee, S. M., Y. I. Kim, and W. S. Kwak. 2010b. Effects of dietary addition of bentonite on manure gas emission, health, production, and meat characteristics of Hanwoo (Bos Taurus coreanae) steers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 23:1594-1600. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.10005
- Makela, M., S. Galkin, A. Hatakka, and T. Lundell. 2002. Production of organic acids and oxalate decarboxylase in lignin-degrading white rot fungi. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 30:542-549. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(02)00012-1
- McCaskey, T. A., S. N. Britt, B. G. Ruffin, and J. T. Eason. 1994. Feed value of broiler litter for stocker cattle. Highlights of Alabama Agric. Res. 41:12.
- Miller, E. L. 1982. Methods of assessing proteins for ruminants, including laboratory methods. In Protein Contribution of Feedstuffs for Ruminants: Application to Feed Formulation (Ed. E. L. Miller and I. H. Pike). Butterworth Scientific, London, pp. 18-35.
- National Institute of Animal Science. 2012. Standard tables of feed composition in Korea. National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Korea.
- National Research Council. 2000. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Update of Seventh Revised Edition, 1996. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
- National Research Council. 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle, 7th Rev. Ed., National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
- Nocek, J. E. 1985. Evaluation of specific variables affecting in situ estimates of ruminal dry matter and protein digestion. J. Anim. Sci. 60:1347-1358.
- Orskov, E. R., F. D. Hovell, and F. Mould. 1980. The use of the nylon bag technique for the evaluation of feedstuffs. Trop. Anim. Prod. 5:195-213.
- Orskov, E. R., M. Hughes-Jones, and M. E. Eliman. 1983. Studies on degradation and outflow rate of protein supplements in the rumen of sheep and cattle. Livest. Prod. Sci. 10:17-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(83)90003-9
- Schneider, R. M., J. H. Harrison, and K. A. Loney. 1995. The effects of bacterial inoculants, beet pulp, and propionic acid on ensiled wet brewers grains. J. Dairy Sci. 78:1096-1105. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76726-1
- Smith, L. W., H. K. Goering, D. R. Waldo, and C. H. Gordon. 1971. In vitro digestion rate of forage cell wall components. J. Dairy Sci. 54:71-76. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(71)85780-6
- Statistix7. 2000. User's manual. Analytical Software, Tallagassee, FL, USA.
- Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
- Wang, Q., J. Narita, N. Ren, T. Fukushima, Y. Ohsumi, K. Kusano, Y. Shirai, and H. I. Ogawa. 2003. Effect of pH adjustment on preservation of kitchen waste used for producing lactic acid. Water Air Soil Pollut. 144:405-418. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022919716627
- Weinberg, Z. G., Y. Chen, and P. Weinberg. 2008. Ensiling olive cake with and without molasses for ruminant feeding. Bioresour. Technol. 99:1526-1529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.022
Cited by
- ) on Behavior Pattern of Growing Hanwoo Steers vol.33, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2013.33.4.290
- Effect of By-product Feed-based Silage Feeding on the Performance, Blood Metabolites, and Carcass Characteristics of Hanwoo Steers (a Field Study) vol.28, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.14.0443
- Effects of by-product feed-based silage on feeding, rumination, and excretion in growing Hanwoo heifers vol.57, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40781-014-0037-x
- Effect of feeding a by-product feed-based silage on nutrients intake, apparent digestibility, and nitrogen balance in sheep vol.58, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40781-016-0091-7
- Effects of Applying Microbial Additive Inoculants to Spent Mushroom Substrate (Flammulina velutipes) on Rumen Fermentation and Total-tract Nutrient Digestibility in Hanwoo Steers vol.25, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.11625/kjoa.2017.25.3.569