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Recovery of Nitric acid and Copper from Plating Waste of Automobile Wheel

자동차 휠 도금박리폐액으로부터 질산 및 구리의 회수

  • 하용황 (중원대학교 자원순환환경공학과) ;
  • 강윤지 (중원대학교 자원순환환경공학과) ;
  • 손성호 (한국생산기술연구원) ;
  • 이원식 (한국생산기술연구원) ;
  • 안종관 (중원대학교 자원순환환경공학과)
  • Received : 2013.10.22
  • Accepted : 2013.11.07
  • Published : 2013.11.30

Abstract

It has been known that there are large amount of nitric acid and valuable metals, copper in the plating waste solution of automobile wheel. As nitric acid and valuable metals are high price and toxic, they should be recovered for economics and environment. Plating waste was extracted with TBP diluted with kerosene. The concentration of nitric acid in aqueous phase was analyzed by titration method by NaOH solution (0.1~1.0N) and the amount of metals by ICP-MS and ICP-AES. The concentration of copper in plating waste were 76,850 mg/L. The concentration of nitric acid in plating waste was 1.02 M. After three step extraction was performed with 50% TBP, each organic phase was stripped three times with distilled water to obtain 48.1% of nitric acid. Purity of final nitric acid was over 99.9% by ICP analysis. After recovery of nitric acid, copper was extracted with various solvent extractors like PC 88A, D2EPHA, LIX 84 and ISE 106. Among these extractors, 92% of copper was recovered by ISE 106 after 1st extraction and 30% $H_2SO_4$ stripping. Copper ion was reduced with $N_2H_4$ to make metal powders, respectively.

자동차용 고광택 크롬 도금 박리액에는 질산과 유가금속인 구리가 다량 함유되어 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 질산($HNO_3$) 및 유가금속은 고가이며 유독하므로, 경제 및 환경을 고려하여 반드시 회수하여 재활용하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 도금박리액으로부터 질산과 구리는 용매 추출법을 이용하여 후 분리하였다. 수상에 존재하는 질산의 농도는 0.01 ~ 1N NaOH를 이용하여 적정하여 분석하고, 금속의 농도는 ICP-MS 및 ICP-AES 등을 이용하여 분석하였다. 도금 박리액을 분석한 결과, 구리 이온은 76,850 mg/L이 함유되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 용액 내 질산의 양을 NaOH 용액을 이용하여 적정법으로 측정하였을 때 대략 1.02 M 임을 알 수 있었다. 50% Tributylphosphate (TBP)를 이용하여 3단 추출한 유기층의 용액을 증류수를 이용하여 각각 3회의 역추출을 하였을 때, 원액으로부터 48.1%의 질산을 회수할 수 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 순도는 99.9% 이상이었다. 질산 회수 후, 용액 내에 남은 구리는 PC 88A, D2EPHA, LIX 84 및 ISE 106을 이용하여 용매추출 하였으며, 각 용매의 추출률을 비교하였을 때, ISE 106의 경우, 1단 추출 후 30% 황산으로 역세척 하였을 경우, 92%의 구리를 회수할 수 있었다. 추출된 구리는 $N_2H_4$를 이용하여 환원시켰고, 다양한 조건 하에서 구리 분말을 제조하였다.

Keywords

References

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