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The Characteristics of IgA Nephropathy when Detected early in Mass School Urine Screening

학교 집단 요검사로 조기 진단된 IgA 신증 환아의 임상적 특징

  • Kim, Sae Yoon (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Lee, Sang Su (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Lee, Jae Min (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Kang, Seok Jeong (Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Kim, Yong Jin (Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Park, Yong Hoon (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University)
  • 김세윤 (영남대학교 의과대학 소아청소년과) ;
  • 이상수 (영남대학교 의과대학 소아청소년과) ;
  • 이재민 (영남대학교 의과대학 소아청소년과) ;
  • 강석정 (순천향대학교 의과대학 구미병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 김용진 (영남대학교 의과대학 병리학교실) ;
  • 박용훈 (영남대학교 의과대학 소아청소년과)
  • Received : 2012.09.17
  • Accepted : 2013.08.23
  • Published : 2013.10.31

Abstract

Purpose: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the major causes of end-stage renal disease. Mass school urine screening (SUS) has been performed to enable early detection of chronic renal diseases, including IgAN. We wanted to evaluate the patients with IgAN, including those diagnosed through SUS. Methods: Between 1998 and 2010, 64 children were diagnosed with IgAN based on renal biopsy results obtained at the Pediatric Nephrology Department, ${\bigcirc\bigcirc}$ University Hospital. We divided these patients into the SUS group (37 cases), diagnosed through SUS, and the symptomatic (Sx) group (27 cases), diagnosed clinically. The medical records of both groups were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The mean age of the SUS and Sx groups was $10.8{\pm}2.7$ and $9.5{\pm}3.4$ years (P >0.05), respectively. Both groups had a higher proportion of male patients. The time from the notification of an abnormal urinary finding to a hospital visit or renal biopsy was shorter in the Sx group than in the SUS group. Regarding clinical manifestations, there were fewer cases with gross hematuria (P <0.001) and edema (P =0.008) in the SUS group, but there were no differences in terms of the therapeutic regimen and treatment duration. Regarding laboratory parameters, the Sx group had a higher white blood cell count (P =0.007) and lower hemoglobin (P =0.007) and albumin (P =0.000) levels. There were no differences in the renal biopsy findings in both groups, based on the history of gross hematuria or the severity of proteinuria. However, in all 64 patients with IgAN, the light microscopy findings (Hass classification) were related to a history of gross hematuria or the severity of proteinuria. Conclusion: There were no significant clinical and histological differences between the groups, as both had early stage IgAN. Although SUS facilitates the early detection of IgAN, long-term, large-scale prospective controlled studies are needed to assess the benefits of early diagnosis and treatment in chronic renal disease progression.

목적: 면역글로불린A(IgA) 신증은 다양한 임상양상을 보이는 가장 흔한 원발성 사구체 신염으로, 적극적인 치료로서 단백뇨와 사구체손상을 줄여야한다. 저자들은 학교 집단 요검사를 통해 진단된 IgA 신증의 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: ${\bigcirc\bigcirc}$대학교병원 소아청소년과에서 조직검사를 받고 IgA 신증으로 진단받은 환자 64명을 내원 당시의 증상 유무에 따라 두 군으로 나누어 후향적으로 연구하였다. 결과: 증상 없이 학교신검에 의해 진단된 37명과 혈뇨 등으로 내원하여 진단된 27명을 대상으로 하였다. 각 군의 평균 연령은 각각 $10.8{\pm}2.7$세 및 $9.5{\pm}3.4$세였고, 각 군 모두에서 남아가 많았다. 증상 발현 후 내원까지의 기간과 조직 검사까지의 기간은 증상군에서 더 짧았다. 임상 증상은 증상군에서 육안적 혈뇨(P<0.001)와 부종(P=0.008)이 더 많았다. 혈액검사에서 증상군의 백혈구 수가(P=0.007) 많았고, 혈색소 값은(P=0.007) 더 낮았으며 BUN과 크레아티닌 값은 차이가 없었다. 혈청 알부민 값은 증상군에서 학교신검군에 비해 더 낮았고(P=0.006), 두 군에서 치료기간은 차이가 없었고, 치료약제는 ACEI가 가장 많았다. 전체 환아군을 대상으로 광학적 신조직 검사분석 시, 육안적 혈뇨기왕력이 있는 군에서 없는 군에 비해 좀 더 심한 병변을 보였으며, 단백뇨의 중증도와 병변의 중증도와는 상관이 있었다. 결론: 학교신검군 및 증상군 모두 조기 진단된 IgA 신증으로 임상적 및 조직학적인 큰 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 학교신검은 조기에 IgA 신증을 선별하는데 유용하지만, 조기진단이 치료나 예후에 어떤 영향을 주는지는 향후 보다 많은 대상자들의 장기간 추적관찰이 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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  1. School Urine Screening Program in Korea vol.18, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3339/jkspn.2014.18.2.57