Journal of Families and Better Life (가정과삶의질연구)

Korean Home Management Association (가정과삶의질학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Expenses of Private Educations and Economic Preparations for Old Age According to Household Income and Consumption Wants for Education in Mothers with School-aged Children

학령기 어머니의 가계소득과 교육소비욕구에 따른 사교육비와 경제적 노후준비

  • Jang, Yoonok (Department of Home Economics Education, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2013.07.15
  • Accepted : 2013.09.25
  • Published : 2013.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the expenses of private education and the economic preparations for old age according to household income and consumption wants for education in mothers with school-aged children. The data used in this study were collected from 416 mothers with school-aged children aged 8 to 19 years old living in Daegu. The data analysis methods adopted for the study were two-way ANOVA and Scheff$\acute{e}$ test. The results of this study were as follows: First, there were differences in the private education expenditure according to the household income and the consumption wants for education in mothers with school-aged children. In the group of mothers of low household income, the mothers with high consumption wants for education spent more money on academic education and music, fine arts or physical education than the mother's with low consumption wants for education. On the other hand, in the group of mothers of high household income, the mothers with low consumption wants for education spent more money on academic education and spent less money on music, fine arts or physical education than the mothers with high consumption wants for education. There were no meaningful differences in the group of mothers of middle household income. Second, there were differences in the perceived burden of private education expenditure according to the household income and the consumption wants for education in mothers with school-aged children. In the group of mothers of middle household income, the mothers with low consumption wants for education perceived there was a higher burden for private education expenditure than the mothers with high consumption wants for education. Third, there were differences in the expenditure preparation for old age and the economic preparation behavior for old age according to the level of household income. The mothers with high household income spent more money on preparation for old age and did well in economic preparation behavior for old age than the mothers with middle and low household income.

Keywords

References

  1. Bae, C. & Lee, M.(1988). Factor-dynamic analysis of public opinion in education(1) : Goals of educational policy : Excellence vs equality. The Journal of Educational Research, 27(1), 67-83.
  2. Bae, M. & Jeon, G.(2004). The effect of variables on attitudes and preparations toward retirement. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 42(7), 89-102.
  3. Bae, M. & Jeon, G.(2010). Study on the perception and behavior for preparing their old age. Journal of the Korean Family Resource Management Association, 28(1), 13-24.
  4. Baek, E. & Moon, S.(2005). A qualitative study on financial goals, problems and satisfaction from a lifecycle perspective. Journal of Consumer Studies, 16(2), 87-109.
  5. Baek, H. & Ahn, S.(2012). The difference of the effects of private tutoring expenditure on the change of consumption structure of households depending on income bracket. Korea Social Policy Review, 19(3), 9-47.
  6. Bailey, D. B. & Simensson, R. J.(1988). Assessing needs of families with handicapped infants. Journal of Special Education, 22(3), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1177/002246698802200113
  7. Burm, S. & Moon, S.(1992). A study on the household investment planning according to family life cycle. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 30(1), 197-217.
  8. Cho, K.(2011). The factors affecting the middle-aged households : Focused on public education expenditure status. Unpublished master's dissertation. Chungnam National University, Daejeon.
  9. Cho, M.(2006). The study on educational fever in Korea parents : Based on lifelong education. Unpublished master's dissertation. Graduate School of Education, Ajou University, Suwon.
  10. Cho, S. & Suh, H.(2011). A study of middle-aged men's job career and their relationship with spouses on successful aged life planning. Journal of Welfare for the Aged, 54, 211-235.
  11. Cho, Y. & Kim, G.(2007). An empirical study on poverty and it's determinants by age groups in Korea. Journal of Social Security Association, 23(3), 101-124.
  12. Choi, S.(2003). The study on the reality of the private education and the private education expenditure size. Seoul: Korea Educational Development Institute.
  13. Ham, S.(2010). A study on the effects of private tutoring costs on hospital workers' consciousness of preparation and their measures for their old-age life : Focused on those working for a general hospital in dongdaemun-gu, Seoul. Unpublished master's dissertation. Kyunghee University, Seoul.
  14. Han, J.(1998). A study of the educational growth motives of Korean women. Journal of Asian women, 37, 67-99.
  15. Han, J.(2004). Parents educational fever : Object and motivations of children's early learning activities. The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, 9(1), 219-251.
  16. Hawang, S.(2000). A study on the attitude of elderly life and the preparation for elderly life of the young - aged. Unpublished master's dissertation. Catholic University of Daegu, Kyungsan.
  17. Hong, H.(1996). Financial management and financial goal attainment among urban household. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 35(6), 157-171.
  18. Hong, S. & Kwak, I.(2007). Causal effects on attitude toward retirement and the level of retirement planning. Journal of the Korean Family Resource Management Association, 25(2), 89-104.
  19. Hong, S.(2009). An empirical study on the Korean household expenditure for private tutoring. Unpublished master's dissertation. Seoul National University, Seoul.
  20. Hwang, H.(2000). A study of parents' educational fever in relation to their social stratification : With special reference to parents in Jeju province. Unpublished master's dissertation. Jeju National University, Jeju.
  21. Hyun, J.(2003). The study on educational fever in Korea parents. Seoul: Korea Educational Development Institute.
  22. Hyundai Research Institute(2009). Private education, leading cause of retirement anxiety : The study on the reality of the private education and the estimated market size. Seoul: Hyundai Research Institute.
  23. Hyundai Research Institute(2012). Structure of education expenditure in Korea household. Seoul: Hyundai Research Institute.
  24. Jo, M.(2007). The study of financial burden of private educational expenditure in household. Unpublished master's dissertation. Jeju National University, Jeju.
  25. Jo, S.(2002). Parents' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for their children's education and basic attitudes towards education. Unpublished master's dissertation. Hanyang University, Seoul.
  26. Jung, W.(1984). The educational fever. The Center for Social Sciences in Seoul National University, 6(3), 81-91.
  27. Jung, Y.(1996). Household expenditures in private education and screening hypothesis : The case of expenditure on private education. Journal of Consumer Studies, 7(2), 207-221.
  28. Kang, L.(2007). Economic burden and its related determinants of private education among pre-school children. Journal of Korean Living Science Association, 16(2), 315-331. https://doi.org/10.5934/KJHE.2007.16.2.315
  29. Kim, E.(2002). The analysis of the expenditure behavior on private education by the income levels. Unpublished master's dissertation. Kongju National University, Chungnam.
  30. Kim, G.(2003). Educational zeal and youth unemployment in korea. Korean Journal of Educational Research, 41(4), 87-105.
  31. Kim, H.(2004). Analyzing the structure of variables affecting on private tutoring expense. Journal of Educational Administration Society, 22(1), 27-45.
  32. Kim, H.(2006). Educational aspirations for university admission and educational supports according to social class of mothers with secondary schoolers : Inhabits the city of Sungnam. Unpublished master's dissertation. Ewha Womans University, Seoul.
  33. Kim, H.(2009). A study on the preparation consciousness and counterplan of the young and middle-aged for old age life : Focusing on the young and middle-aged living in Busan metropolitan city. Unpublished master's thesis. Dong-A University, Busan.
  34. Kim, I. & Choi, E.(1992). The level of expected economic demands and preparation for elderly life of farm households in Kyungki-do, Korea. Journal of Consumer Studies, 3(1), 31-45.
  35. Kim, I. & Yeo, J.(1996). Private educational expenses of household & the related factors. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 14(3), 137-149.
  36. Kim, J. & Choo, H.(2011). The structural relationship between educational perception, educational expectation, and educational support activities of parents in Daegu. Secondary Institute of Education, 59(4), 1031-1063.
  37. Kim, K.(2009). A study for parents' desire, expectation, and supports for their children's education : An ethnographical approach. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Changwon National University, Changwon.
  38. Kim, K.(2010). A study on the influence of personal value and educational enthusiasm on the satisfaction of educational tourism product. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Kyonggi Universtiy, Seoul.
  39. Kim, M. & Kim, K.(2008). Development of scale for measuring consumption want. Journal of Consumer Studies, 9(1), 1-23.
  40. Kim, M.(2002). A study on the middle-aged people's financial preparation and stress for elderly life. Unpublished master's dissertation. Hallym University, Gangwon.
  41. Kim, S. & Park, B.(1999). A study of coping behavior types of private education expenditure. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 37(10), 67-79.
  42. Kim, S. & Park, W.(1992). Urban families preparation behavior for the elderly life. Journal of Consumer Studies, 3(2), 45-57.
  43. Kim, S.(1997). The factors causing private education and reduction methods for private education expense. Seoul: Korea Consumer Agency.
  44. Kim, S.(1999). A study on relation of expenses, burden, and economic welfare of private education in household. Journal of Consumer Studies, 10(3), 101-121.
  45. Kim, S.(2008). Korean mothers' fervor for their children's education with a focus on the demographic and psychological characteristics. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 46(2), 13-23.
  46. Kim, S.(2009). A study on the preparation among the workers for old age : Focused on the Kongju city. Unpublished master's dissertation. Kongju National University, Chungnam.
  47. Kim, Y.(1985). The truth and falsehood on educational fever. Seoul: The Korea Board of Education.
  48. Kim, Y., Lee, I. & Park, H.(1993). The study on educational fever in Korean. Seoul: Korea Educational Development Institute.
  49. Ko, J.(2004). A study on home financial burden of private educational fee. Unpublished master's dissertation. Jeju National University, Jeju.
  50. Korea Consumer Agency(1997). The study on private education expenditure and the actual condition for utilization. Seoul: Korea Consumer Agency.
  51. Lee, S.(2002). Private education expenditure for children and economic well-being of household. Family and Environment Research, 40(7), 211-227.
  52. Lee, E.(2004). Economic analysis of private education expenditures in Korea. Journal of Economic Studies, 22(2), 1-31.
  53. Lee, J.(1999). A study on the middle-aged worker's life plan for their elderly life. Unpublished master's dissertation. Ewha Womans University, Seoul.
  54. Lee, J.(2009). The middle aged's perception of aging and physical, financial & social preparation for later life : Focus on gender differences. The Korean Journal of Community Living Science, 20(2), 275-289.
  55. Lee, J.(2011). An empirical study on participation in children's private education and private education expenses. Unpublished master's dissertation. Soongsil University, Seoul.
  56. Lee, S.(2002). Inequality of the household private educational expenditures by income classes. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 40(9), 143-159.
  57. Lee, S.(2003). The effect of household financial system on private education expenses : Focused on income classification. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 41(11), 151-169.
  58. Lee, S.(2005). The burden of private educational expenditure and consumption expenditure. Journal of the Korean Family Resource Management Association, 23(3), 63-76.
  59. Lee, S.(2006). Household strategy for private educational expenditure burden. Journal of Consumer Studies, 17(2), 115-132.
  60. Lee, S.(2009). A study on determinants of financial preparation for later life among the elderly who are residing in the city area. The Journal of Social Sciences, 28(1), 205-224.
  61. Lee, S.(2012). A study of pension receipt satisfaction according to the preparation of the living cost for aging : Focusing on public pensions. Journal of the Korean Home Management Association, 30(2), 137-152. https://doi.org/10.7466/JKHMA.2012.30.2.137
  62. Lee, Y.(2010). The degree of preparation for the old age and the aging anxiety of middle-aged couples. Unpublished master's dissertation. Hanseo University, Chungnam.
  63. Mirae Asset Retirement Pension Research Institute(2010). Analysis on structure of education expenditure in Korea Household. Seoul: Mirae Asset Retirement Pension Research Institute.
  64. Moon, S., Kim, S. & Kim, S.(1996). Expenditure on education for children's human capital. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 30(2), 171-184.
  65. Na, Y. & Yoon, J.(2011). The effect of the mother's educational aspirations and the household's characteristics on private educational expenditures. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 20(6), 1199-1212. https://doi.org/10.5934/KJHE.2011.20.6.1199
  66. Noh, H.(2006). Analyzing the structural relationships among parent factors, student factors, and private tutoring expense. Journal of Educational Administration Society, 24(1), 97-118.
  67. OECD(2008). Education at a Glance : EAG.
  68. Park, C.(2008). Economic preparations for aging of the middle and old-aged and their determinants. Korean Journal of Social Welfare, 60(3), 275-297.
  69. Park, H., Lee, S. & Choi, E.(2010). The exploratory research on characteristics of financial preparation of the pre-elderly(the age 55-64) living in the Chungcheongnam-do : Focused on analyzing three groups according to the aging proportion of the area. Journal of Community Welfare, 35(12), 285-315.
  70. Park, J.(2004). A study on the social workers' preparation for their own old age. Unpublished master's dissertation. The Catholic University, Seoul.
  71. Park, M. & Yeo, J.(2000). Analysis of private educational expenditures of Korean households. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 38(12), 189-206.
  72. Park, M.(2007). A study on the preparation for old age life and the recognition of long-term care facility for the Middle-aged. Unpublished master's dissertation. Kyung-hee University, Seoul.
  73. Park, M.(2008). Retirement planning and the burden of private education expenditure among the households school. Unpublished master's dissertation. Sungshin Women's University, Seoul.
  74. Rhee, K. & Chang, M.(1993). A practical guide for focus group discussion. Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, 13(1), 84-98.
  75. Samsung Economic Research Institute(2007). A study on consumer attitude in the forth quarter of the year. Seoul: Samsung Economic Research Institute.
  76. Seo, H.(2004). The relation between family socio-economic background and the level of maternal interest in her children's education. Unpublished master's dissertation. Ewha Womans University, Seoul.
  77. Sohn, S.(2006). Familism and social conspicuousness in korea : Continuities and changes. Discourse 201, 9(2), 245-274.
  78. Statistics Korea(2012) The result of investigation on private education in 2011. www.kostat.go.kr
  79. Statistics Korea(2012). The result of investigation on family financing․welfare. www.kostat.go.kr
  80. Sun, Y.(2010). Middle-aged household's financial preparation for retirement : Focused on married couples' employment status. Unpublished master's dissertation. Chungnam National University, Daejon.
  81. Todd, K. J. & Sharon A. D.(1997). Financial planning for retirement by parents of college students. Financial Counseling and Planning, 8(1), 25-32.
  82. You, I. & Choi, S.(2012). Effects of the personality traits of baby boomers on the preparation behaviors for the old age : Focused on the Cheon-an industrial complex's workers. The Korea Contents Association, 12(4), 245-262. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2012.12.04.245