Journal of Life Science (생명과학회지)

Korean Society of Life Science (한국생명과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Development Changes in the External Structure of the Head and the Histological Structure of the Eye in Artificially Reared Japanese Eel, Anguilla japonica, Leptocephalus and Glass Eel

극동산 뱀장어(Anguilla japonica) 인공 자어와 실뱀장어의 두부 변화 및 안구의 조직학적 변화

  • Kim, Dae-Jung (New Strategy Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI)) ;
  • Lee, Nam-Sil (New Strategy Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI)) ;
  • Lee, Bae-Ik (New Strategy Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI)) ;
  • Kim, Shin Kwon (New Strategy Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI)) ;
  • Kim, Kyung-Kil (New Strategy Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI))
  • 김대중 (국립수산과학원 전략연구단) ;
  • 이남실 (국립수산과학원 전략연구단) ;
  • 이배익 (국립수산과학원 전략연구단) ;
  • 김신권 (국립수산과학원 전략연구단) ;
  • 김경길 (국립수산과학원 전략연구단)
  • Received : 2013.09.02
  • Accepted : 2013.10.22
  • Published : 2013.10.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Knowledge of morphological changes in eel larvae is very important for artificial rearing of eel larvae. In this study, we investigated the morphological structure of the head region and histological changes of the eye retina in artificially reared larvae at various stages and in glass eel just after metamorphosis. Structural changes were observed in the upper jaw (maxilla) and the lower jaw (mandible) after 100 dah (day after hatchery) and after metamorphosis. Teeth had degenerated by the time of completion of metamorphosis. Major histological changes observed in the eye retina were the formation of the outer plexiform layer and the outer nuclear layer from 100 dah larva and a change in the rod cell layer after metamorphosis. The cornea was not observed at 10 dah in the eel larva. More information is needed on the early developmental stages of eel larvae to enable mass production of glass eels. The results obtained in the present research will be useful when developing novel rearing programs for eel larvae.

뱀장어 자어의 형태변화에 관한 연구는 자어의 인공사육을 위해 알아야 할 중요한 부분이다. 본 연구에서는 두부의 형태학적 관찰과 함께, 부화 이후 변태 직후까지의 단계별 안구의 조직학적인 변화를 관찰하였다. 이들 결과로 부화 후 100일과 변태를 기점으로 상악과 하악의 발달에 큰 차이를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 치아는 실뱀장어로 변태하면서 퇴화한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 안구 망막에서의 조직학적인 주요 변화는 부화 100일 이후의 OPL (outer plexiform layer)과 ONL (outer nuclear layer)의 형성과 변태 이후 간상세포층의 변화이며, 안구의 각막은 부화 10일째 자어에서 관찰되지 않았지만 이후 모든 단계에서 관찰되었다. 실뱀장어의 양산을 위해 초기 자어의 발달에 관한 더 많은 정보가 필요하며, 본 결과가 자어의 인공사육시스템 안정화에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Alldredge, A. L. and Silver, M. W. 1988. Characteristics, dynamics and significance of marine snow. Progr Oceanogr 20, 41-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(88)90053-5
  2. Alexander, M. S. 2006. Asymmetric craniofacial remodeling and lateralized behavior in larval flatfish. J Exp Biol 209, 610-621. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02056
  3. Appelbaum, S. and Riehl, R. 1993. Scanning electron microscopic observations on the head morphology of seven different leptocephali belonging to six eel families (Anguilliformes). Helgo Meer 47, 113-124. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02366187
  4. Anken, R. H., Ibsch, M. and Rahmann, H. 1998. Neurobiology of fish under altered gravity conditions. Brain Res Rev 28, 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0173(98)00021-6
  5. Haruhisa, O. and Sampath, A. P. 2007. Optimization of single-photo response transmission at the rod-to-rod bipolar synapse. Physiology 22, 279-286. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00007.2007
  6. Hulet, W. H. 1978. Structure and functional development of the eel leptocephalus,Ariosomabaleraricum (de la Roche, 1809). Phil Trans Roy Soc London B 282, 107-138. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1978.0010
  7. Kim, E. O., Bae, J. Y., Lim, S. G., Son, M. H., Park, M. W., Park, M. S., Cho, Y. C. and Kim, D. 2006. Plasma sex steroid hormone profiles and testicular development in artificially maturing cultured male eel, Anguilla japonica. J Korean Fish Soc 39, 466-471. https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2006.39.6.466
  8. Kim, D. J., Bae, J. Y. and Kim, E. O. 2007a. Changes in sex steroid hormones and ovarian development during artificial maturation of female eel, Anguilla japonica. Integ Biosci 11, 117-124. https://doi.org/10.1080/17386357.2007.9647323
  9. Kim, D. J., Kang, E. J., Bae, J. Y., Park, M. W. and Kim, E. O. 2007b. Development of the eggs and pre-leptocephalus larvae by natural spawning of artificially matured Japanase eel, Anguilla japonica. J Aquaculture 20, 160-167.
  10. Kloppmann, M. 2003. Body structure and functions, pp. 1-18. In: The eel, 3rd edition. Thorpe JE eds. Blackwell science. Ltd., Oxford, UK.
  11. Leiby, M. M. 1979. Leptocephalus larvae of the eel family Ophichthidae. I. Ophichthus gomesiBull Mar Sci 29, 329-343.
  12. Matsui, I. and Takai, T. 1959. Osteology of the Japanese eel. J Shimonoseki Coll Fish 8, 53-62.
  13. Miller, M. J. 2009. Ecology of Anguilliform leptocephali: Remarkable transparent fish larvae of the ocean surface layer. Aqua-Bio Sci Monogr 2, 1-94.
  14. Mochioka, N. and Iwamizu, M. 1996. Diet of anguillid larvae: leptocephali feed selectively on larvacean houses and fecal pellets. Mar Biol 125, 447-452.
  15. Nielsen, J. G. and Smith, D. G. 1978. The eel family Nemichthyidae (Pisces, Anguilliformes). Dana Rep 88, 1-73.
  16. Otake, T., Nogami, K. and Maruyama, K. 1993. Dissolved and particulate organic matter as possible food sources for eel leptocephali. Mar Ecol Progr Ser 92, 27-34. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps092027
  17. Pankhurst, N. W. 1984. Retinal development in larval and juvenile European eel, Anguilla anguilla. Can J Zool 62, 335-343. https://doi.org/10.1139/z84-052
  18. Park, I. S., Park, H. J., Gil, H. W. and Goo, I. B. 2012. Early growth and characteristic of histological eyedevelopment in post parturition dark banded rockfish, Sebastes inermis. Dev Reprod 16, 101-106.
  19. Sabates, A., Bozzanno, A. and Vallvey, I. 2003. Feeding pattern and the visual light environment in myctophid fish larvae. J Fish Biol 63, 1476-1490. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2003.00259.x
  20. Sasai, S., Katoh, F., Kaneko, T. and Tsukamoto, K. 2007. Ontogenic change of gill chloride cells in leptocephalus and glass eel stages of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Mar Biol 150, 487-496.
  21. Pfeiler, E. 1999. Developmental physiology of elopomorphleptocephali. Comp Biochem Physiol A 123, 113-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(99)00028-8
  22. Takashi, H. 1982. IV. Sensory organs, Eye, pp. 42-46. In: An atlas of fish histology,normal and pathological features, Kodansha Ltd. Tokyo, Japan.
  23. Tanaka, H., Kagawa, H., Ohta, H., Okuzawa, K. and Hirose, K. 1995. The first report of eel larvae ingesting rotifers. Fish Sci 61, 171-172. https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.61.171
  24. Tanaka, H., Kagawa, H. and Ohta, H. 2001. Production of leptocephali of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) in captivity. Aquaculture 201, 55-60.
  25. Tsukamoto, K. 1992. Discovery of the spawning area for the Japanese eel. Nature 356, 789-791. https://doi.org/10.1038/356789a0
  26. Tsukamoto, K. 2006. Spawning of eels near a seamount. Nature 439, 929. https://doi.org/10.1038/439929a
  27. Tsukamoto, K., Chow, S., Otake, T., Kurogi, H., Mochioka, N., Miller, M. J., Aoyama, J., Kimura, S., Watanabe, S., Yoshinaga, T., Shinoda, A., Kuroki, M., Oya, M., Watanabe, T., Hata, K., Ijiri, S., Kazeto, Y. and Tanaka, H. 2011. Oceanic spawning ecology of freshwater eels in the western north pacific. Nat Commun 2, 179. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1174
  28. Wagner, H. K. 1973. Dakness-induce reduction of the number of synaptic ribbons in fish retine. Nature 246, 53-55.
  29. Wagner, H. J. and Douglas, R. H. 1983. Morphologic changes in teleost primary and secondary retinal cells following brief exposure to light. Invest Oph Vis Sci 24, 24-29.

Cited by

  1. Effects of Starvation, Water Temperature, and Water Flow on the Metamorphosis of Leptocephalus of Japanese Eel Anguilla japonica vol.47, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2014.0597