Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Spatial Distribution and Dynamics of Vegetation on a Gravel Bar: Case Study in the Bangtae Stream

자갈 하중주에서 식생의 공간 분포 및 동태: 방태천의 사례

  • Pee, Jung-Hun (Department of Biology, Graduate School of Seoul Women's University) ;
  • Kim, Hye-Soo (Department of Biology, Graduate School of Seoul Women's University) ;
  • Kim, Gyung-Soon (Department of Biology, Graduate School of Seoul Women's University) ;
  • Oh, Woo-Seok (Department of Biology, Graduate School of Seoul Women's University) ;
  • Koo, Bon-Yoel (Department of Biology, Graduate School of Seoul Women's University) ;
  • Lee, Chang-Seok (Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, Seoul Women's University)
  • 피정훈 (서울여자대학교 대학원 생물학과) ;
  • 김혜수 (서울여자대학교 대학원 생물학과) ;
  • 김경순 (서울여자대학교 대학원 생물학과) ;
  • 오우석 (서울여자대학교 대학원 생물학과) ;
  • 구본열 (서울여자대학교 대학원 생물학과) ;
  • 이창석 (서울여자대학교 생명환경공학과)
  • Received : 2013.03.26
  • Accepted : 2013.06.13
  • Published : 2013.06.30
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Abstract

We clarified the background for establishment of vegetation by comparing the spatial distribution maps of vegetation and substrate on a gravel bar in the Bangtae stream located on Inje-gun of Gangwon-do, the central eastern Korea. The total vegetation coverage was higher in the interior and lower in the marginal parts of the gravel bar. Spatial distribution of vegetation on the longitudinal section of the gravel bar tended to be arranged in the order of shrub, subtree, and tree dominated vegetation types from the front (upstream) toward the rear (downstream) parts. Coverage of the herbaceous plants was higher in the central and rear parts and lower in the front and right parts of the gravel bar. Vegetation height was higher in the rear part and became lowered as move toward the front part. Substrate was distributed in the order of boulder, gravel, sand, and boulder from the front toward the rear parts. Ordination of stands based on vegetation data was arranged in the order of annual plant, perennial herb, shrub, and tree dominated vegetation as move from the right to the left parts on the axis I. Species richness was higher in the order of Pinus densiflora community, Phragmites japonica community, Salix gracilistyla community, Fraxinus rhynchophylla community, annual plant dominated vegetation, and Prunus padus for. padus community based on the species rank-abundance curve. The order based on the Shannon's index was some different; diversity of Phragmites japonica community and Salix gracilistyla community, which showed higher dominance degree, were low differently from species richness. In conclusion, it was evaluated that the gravel bar newly established toward the upstream and vegetation dynamics of the gravel bar seemed to follow ecosystem mechanisms of succession. As were shown in the above results, the Bangtae stream corresponded to the upstream and thereby particle size of substrate was big. Therefore, they move by rolling and are accumulated for the upstream. Vegetation types were arranged in the order of woodland, shrub-land and grassland from the rear toward the front parts of the gravel bar and thereby reflected the formation process of the bar. However, the gravel bar is disturbed frequently by not only the running water but also the suspended sand as the dynamic space. Such disturbances cause habitat diversity and consequently led to high biodiversity.

강원도 인제군에 위치한 방태천의 하중주에 성립된 식생과 하상물질을 지도화한 후 양자를 비교하여 식생의 성립 배경을 밝혔다. 전체적인 식피율은 하중주의 내부에서 높고 가장자리에서 낮은 경향이었다. 선단부(상류 방향)와 후미(하류 방향)를 비교하면, 전자보다 후자에서 식피율이 높은 경향이었다. 교목은 유수에 의한 교란의 영향이 적은 하중주의 후미에 제한적으로 분포하였고, 아교목 역시 교란의 영향이 적은 하중주의 중앙 이하에 분포하였다. 관목은 하중주의 종단면에 따른 차이는 적었지만 횡단상으로는 차이를 보여 부수로가 흐르는 하중주의 우측(좌안)보다 주수로가 흐르는 좌측(우안)에 주로 분포하였다. 초본류의 경우는 하중주의 위치에 따른 차이 없이 전체적으로 고르게 분포하였다. 수고분포는 하류부근에서 높이가 높고 상류로 갈수록 낮아지는 경향이었다. 이러한 식생과 하상물질의 분포로 보아 하중주는 상류방향으로 새로 형성되는 것으로 평가되었다. 하중주에서 수집된 식생자료에 기초하여 식분을 서열화한 결과, 식분의 배열은 I축 상의 오른쪽에서 왼쪽으로 이동함에 따라 1년생 초본식생, 다년생초본, 관목 그리고 교목의 순서로 나타나 식생의 발달단계에 따라 분포하는 경향이었다. 식물군락 별 종 순위-우점도 곡선에서 종 풍부도는 소나무 군락, 달뿌리풀군락, 갯버들군락, 물푸레나무군락, 1년생 식물 우점군락 및 귀룽나무군락 순으로 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 보여지듯이 방태천은 하천의 상류에 해당하여 저질의 입자가 컸다. 따라서 그들은 굴러서 이동하므로 하중주는 주로 상류 방향으로 새로 형성되었다. 하중주의 후미에서 선단부를 향해 교목림지, 관목림지 및 초지의 순서로 배열된 식생의 공간배열이 하중주의 형성과정을 반영하였다. 그러나 하중주는 역동적인 공간으로서 유수에 의한 교란은 물론 부유사에 의한 교란도 빈번하게 받고 있다. 그러한 교란이 서식처 다양성을 이끌어내고, 궁극적으로 높은 생물다양성을 가져왔다.

Keywords

References

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