Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Recovery of Fish Community and Water Quality in Streams Where Fish Kills have Occurred

어류폐사의 발생 이후 하천에서 수질의 변화 및 어류상 회복

  • Lee, Jae-Yong (Department of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Kwang-Yeol (Department of Biological Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Saeromi (Department of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Choi, Jaeseok (Environmental Research Institute at Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Seok-Jong (Gangwon Institute of Public Health and Environmental Research) ;
  • Jung, Sungmin (Department of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Jung, Myoung-Sook (National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Bomchul (Department of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University)
  • Received : 2013.02.08
  • Accepted : 2013.06.17
  • Published : 2013.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The species composition of the fish community was studied in four streams where fish kills have previously occurred in recent years; Worun Stream, Seo Stream, Jangnam Stream, and the Anyang Stream. The number of fish species varied from 22 to 86% compared to the number of fish species pre-fish kill. The recovery of fish populations in the streams seems to be determined by water quality and the presence of artificial structures in the streams. The Jangnam Stream, where alkaline pH caused a fish kill, showed a high recovery of fish species due to improvements in water quality. Anyang Stream had a low number of species, possibly because dissolved oxygen concentrations were intermittently low. Artificial structures in streams had a negative impact the recovery of fish species, particularly for benthic fish species. It appears that fish populations can recover rapidly when water quality improves or the movement of fish community is unimpeded. However, water quality and artificial structures in many streams in Korea still present adverse conditions for fish survival, deterring the recovery of fish populations. To conserve fish populations in streams, habitat all owing unimpeded movement for fish and controls on pollutant inputs are needed.

본 논문은 최근 몇 년 동안 어류폐사가 발생했던 하천인 월운천, 서천, 장남천 그리고 안양천을 대상으로 어종의 변동을 조사하였다. 어류폐사의 영향을 받은 지역에서 종수의 회복률은 22~86%까지 이르렀는데, 인공구조물과 수질에 의한 영향을 받았다. 장남천에서는 알칼리성 pH로 인해 어류폐사가 발생하였으나 다른 두 하천(월운천, 서천)에 비해 수질의 회복 이후 빠른 종수의 회복을 보였다. 또한, 안양천에서의 낮은 종수는 간헐적으로 발생하는 용존산소고갈로 인한 수질악화의 영향이 크다. 이와 더불어 하천에 설치되어 있는 인공구조물은 특히 저서성 어종의 회복에 부정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 수질 또는 어류개체군의 이동이 회복될 때 어종의 빠른 회복이 예상되지만, 여전히 많은 하천에서 수질의 악화현상과 일부 노후화한 인공구조물의 존재는 어류의 서식환경을 악화시킬 수 있고 어류폐사 이후 하천에서 어종의 회복을 지연시키는 원인이 될 수 있다. 하천에서 어류군집의 보존을 위해서는 어류의 이동을 위한 통로와 유역으로부터의 오염원의 유입을 관리하여야 한다.

Keywords

References

  1. APHA. AWWA and WEF. 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (20th ed.). American Public Health Association, Washinton DC.
  2. Cho, Y.M. 2006. A study on emergency management of water contamination accidents. p. 97-103.
  3. Cohen, G.M. 1977. The influence of cations on chlorine toxicity. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 18: 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01686319
  4. Cooney, P.B. and T.J. Kwak. 2013. Spatial extent and dynamics of dam impacts on tropical island freshwater fish assemblages. BioScience 63(3): 176-190. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2013.63.3.6
  5. Durhan, B.W., G.R. Wilds and L.L. Pope. 2006. Temperature- caused fish kill in a flowing great plains river. The Southwestern Naturalist 51: 397-401. https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[397:TFKIAF]2.0.CO;2
  6. Ensign, W.E., K.N. Leftwich, P.L. Angermeier and C.A. Dolloff. 1997. Factors influencing stream fish recovery following a large-scale disturbance. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 126: 895-907. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0895:FISFRF>2.3.CO;2
  7. Foss, A., T. Vollen and V. Oiestad. 2003. Growth and oxygen consumption in normal and $O_2$ supersaturated water, and interactive effects of $O_2$ saturation and ammonia on growth in spotted wol fish (Anarhichas minor Olafsson). Aquaculture 224: 105-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00209-6
  8. Graczyk, D.J. and W.C. Sonzogni. 1991. Reduction of dissolved oxygen concentration in Wisconsin streams during summer runoff. Journal of Environmental Quality 20: 445-451.
  9. Han, C.C., K.S. Tew and L.S. Fang. 2007. Spatial and temporal variations of two cyprinids in a subtropical mountain reserve - a result of habitat disturbance. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 16: 395-403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00227.x
  10. Haslouer, S.P. 1979. Natural and pollution-caused fish kills in Kansas during 1978. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 82: 197-204. https://doi.org/10.2307/3627130
  11. Haslouer, S.P. 1983. Natural and pollution caused fish kills in Kansas during 1979-1980. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 86: 136-143. https://doi.org/10.2307/3628165
  12. IDNR 2002. Stream fish kill follow-up assessment: fish community sampling results, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division, Water Resources Section. 21p.
  13. Katz, B.M. 1979. The effects of cations on sodium fluxes in the presence of chlorine. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 21: 569-575. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01685471
  14. Kim, I.S. and J.Y. Park. 2007. Freshwater fishes of Korea. Kyohak Publishing, Seoul.
  15. Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim. 2007a. Illustrated book of Korean fishes. Kyohak Publishing, Seoul.
  16. Kim, J.K., J.S. Choi, Y.S. Jang, K.Y. Lee and B.C. Kim. 2007b. Effects of turbid water on fish community: Case studies of the Daegi Stream and the Bong-san Stream. Korean Society of Environmental Biology 40: 459-467.
  17. Kim, S.K., Y.I. Kim, S.W. Kang, S.L. Yun and S.J. Kim. 2006. Runoff characteristics of non-point sources on the stormwater. Environmental Engineering Research 28(1): 104-110.
  18. Kim, S.J., M.S. Shin, J.K. Kim, J.Y. Lee, K.J. Jeong, B.Y. Ahn and B.C. Kim. 2012. Oxygen fluctuation monitored with high frequency in a eutrophic urban stream (the Anyang Stream) and the effect of weather condition. Korean Journal of Limnological Society 45(1): 34-41.
  19. Ko, M.H., S.J. Moon and I.C. Bang. 2011. Study of the fish community structure and inhabiting status of the endangered species Gobiobotia macrocephala and G. brevibarba in the Seom River, Korea. Korean Journal of Limnological Society 44: 144-154.
  20. Kubach, K.M., M.C. Scott and J.S. Bulak. 2011. Recovery of a temperate riverine fish assemblage from a major diesel oil spill. Freshwater Biology 56: 503-518. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02517.x
  21. Lee, E.H., D.G. Seo, H.D. Hwang, J.H. Yun and J.H. Choi. 2006. Causes of fish kill in the urban stream I - Field surveys and laboratory experiments. Journal of the Korean Society of Water and Wastewater 20: 573-584.
  22. Lee, H.J., S.L. Lau, M. Kayhanian and M.K. Stenstrom. 2004. Seasonal first flush phenomenon of urban stormwater discharges. Water Research 38: 4153-4163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.07.012
  23. Lee, J.Y., S.J. Yoon, S.J. Lee, J.S. Choi, M.S. Jung and B.C. Kim. 2011. Fish kill caused by washing gingko seed coat in a stream. Korean Journal of Nature Conservation 5: 17-22.
  24. Matthews, K.R. and N.H. Berg. 1997. Rainbow trout responses to water temperature and dissolved oxygen stress in two southern California stream pools. Journal of Fish Biology 50: 50-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01339.x
  25. Park, T.G., Y.S. Kang, M.K. Seo, C.H. Kim and Y.T. Park. 2008. Rapid detection and quantification of fish killing dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Dinophyceae) in environmental samples using real-time PCR. Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology 11(4): 205-208.
  26. Rahel, F.J. and W.A. Hubert. 1991. Fish assemblages and habitat gradients in a Rocky Mountain-Great Plains stream: biotic zonation and additive patterns of community change. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 120: 319-332. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0319:FAAHGI>2.3.CO;2
  27. Raleigh, R.F., D.H. Bennett and L.O. Mohn. 1978. Changes in fish stocks after major fish kills in the Clinch River near St. Paul, Virginia. The American Midland Naturalist 99: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.2307/2424929
  28. Roh, S.D., D.K. Lee and Y.K. Chun. 2004. A study on the early-stage storm runoff treatment for the reduction of non-point pollution materials on the road. Korean Society on Water Quality 20(5): 525-533.
  29. Sargent, J.C. and D.L. Galat. 2002. Fish mortality and physicochemistry in a managed floodplain wetland. Wetlands Ecology and Management 10: 115-121.
  30. Seo, J.W. 2005. Fish fauna and ecological characteristics of dark chub (Zacco temminckii) population in the mid-upper region of Gam Stream. Korean Journal of Limnological Society 38: 196-206.
  31. Seoul Regional Construction Management Administration. 2010. Detailed design of maintenance business in Anyang Stream. p. 62-63.
  32. Shin, M.J., J.S. Kim, Y.H. Hwang, J.E. Lee and E.W. Seo. 2008. Effect of turbidity changes on tissues of Zacco koreanus. Korean Journal of Limnological Society 41: 73-80.
  33. Thronson, A. and A. Quigg. 2008. Fifty-five years of fish kills in Coastal Texas. Estuaries and Coasts 31: 802-813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-008-9056-5
  34. Van Hoof, F. and M. Van San. 1981. Analysis of copper, zinc, cadmium and chromium in fish tissues. A tool for detecting metal caused fish kills. Chemosphere 10: 1127-1135. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(81)90183-1
  35. Yang, H.C. and S.K. Chun. 1986. Histopathological study of acute toxicity of ammonia on common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Bulletin of the Korean Fisheries Society 19(3): 249-256.
  36. Yoon, J.D., M.H. Jang and G.J. Joo. 2010. Effect of flooding on fish assemblages in small streams in South Korea. Limnological Society 12: 197-203.
  37. Zeitoun, I.H. 1977. The effect of chlorine toxicity on certain blood parameters of adult rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Environmental Biology of Fishes 2: 189-195.