References
- Aber JD, Nadelhoffer KJ, Steudler PA, Melillo JM. 1989. Nitrogen saturation in northern forest ecosystems. Bioscience 39: 378-386. https://doi.org/10.2307/1311067
- Aerts R, Chapin FS III. 2000. The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited: A re-evaluation of processes and patterns. Adv Ecol Res 30: 1-67.
- Amundson R, Austin AT, Schuur EAG, Yoo K, Matzek V, Kendall C, Uebersax A, Brenner D, Baisden WT. 2003. Global patterns of the isotopic composition of soil and plant nitrogen. Global Biogeochem Cycles 17: 1031.
- Binkley D, Hart SC. 1989. The components of nitrogen availability assessments in forest soils. Adv Soil Sci 10: 57-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8847-0_2
- Chandler G, Goosem S. 1982. Aspects of rainforest regeneration. III. The interaction of phenols, light, and nutrients. New Phytol 92: 369-380. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1982.tb03394.x
- Diaz S. 1996. Effects of elevated [CO2] at the community level mediated by root symbionts. Plant Soil 187: 309-320.
-
Emmett BA, Kjonaas OJ, Gundersen P, Koopmans C, Tietema A, Sleep D. 1998. Natural abundance of
$^{15}N$ in forests across a nitrogen deposition gradient. For Ecol Manage 101: 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00121-7 - Evans JR. 1989. Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of C3 plants. Oecologia 78: 9-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377192
- Fang YT, Yoh M, Koba K, Zhu WX, Takebayashi Y, Xiao YH, Mo JM, Zhang W, Lu XK. 2011. Nitrogen deposition and nitrogen cycling along an urban-rural transect in southern China. Global Change Biol 17: 872-885. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02283.x
-
Garten C. 1993. Variation in foliar
$^{15}N$ abundance and the availability of soil nitrogen on Walker Branch watershed. Ecology 74: 2098-2113. https://doi.org/10.2307/1940855 -
Garten C, Van Miegroet H. 1994. Relationships between soil nitrogen dynamics and natural abundance
$^{15}N$ in plant foliage from Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Can J For Res 24: 1636-1645. https://doi.org/10.1139/x94-212 - Gundersen P, Emmett BA, Kjønaas OJ, Koopmans C, Tietema A. 1998. Impacts of nitrogen deposition of nitrogen cycling in forests: a synthesis of NITREX data. For Ecol Manag 101: 37-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00124-2
- Handley LL, Austin AT, Robinson D, Scrimgeour CM, Raven JA, Heaton THE, Schmidt S, Stewart GR. 1999. The natural abundance of ecosystem samples reflects measures of water availability. Aust J Plant Physiol 26: 185-199. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP98146
- Hiroto T, Haibara K. 1994. Kinetics of mineralization of nitrogen in forest soil (I): Characteristics of soil nitrogen mineralization of different aged stands, slope positions, and soil depths. J Jpn For Soc 76: 144-151 (in Japanese).
- Hobbie EA, Colpaert JV. 2003. Nitrogen availability and colonization by mycorrhizal fungi correlate with nitrogen isotope patterns in plants. New Phytologist 157: 115-126. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00657.x
- Hobbie EA, Ouimette AP. 2009. Controls of nitrogen isotope patterns in soil profiles. Biogeochemistry 95: 355-371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9328-6
-
Hobbie EA, Macko SA, Williams MT. 2000. Correlations between foliar
${\delta}^{15}N$ and nitrogen concentrations may indicate plant-mycorrhizal interactions. Oecologia 122: 273-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00008856 -
Hogberg P, Hogbom L, Schinkel H, Hogberg M, Johannisson C, Wallmark H. 1996.
$^{15}N$ abundance of surface soils, roots and mycorrhizas in profiles of European forest soils. Oecologia 108: 207-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00334643 - Holloway JM, Dahlgren R. 1999. Geological nitrogen in terrestrial biogeochemical cycling. Geology 27: 567-570. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0567:GNITBC>2.3.CO;2
- Houlton BZ, Sigman DM, Hedin LO. 2006. Isotopic evidence for large gaseous nitrogen losses from tropical rainforests. Proc Nat Acad Sci 103: 8745-8750. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0510185103
- Hsia YJ, Hwong JL. 1999. Hydrological characteristics of Fushan Experimental Forest. Quart J Chin For 32: 39-51.
- Koba K, Tokuchi N, Yoshioka T, Hobbie EA, Iwatsubo G. 1998. Natural abundance of nitrogen-15 in a forest soil. Soil Sci Soc Amer J 62: 778-781. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200030034x
-
Koba K, Isobe K, Takebayashi Y, Fang YT, Sasaki Y, Saito W, Yoh M, Mo J, Liu L, Lu X, Zhang T, Zhang W, Senoo K. 2010.
$^{15}N$ of soil N and plants in a N-saturated, subtropical forest of southern China. Rapid Comm Mass Spectrom 24: 2499-2506. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4648 -
Kuang YW, Wen DZ, Li J, Sun FF, Hou EQ, Zhou GY, Zhang DQ, Huang LB. 2010. Homogeneity of
${\delta}^{15}N$ in needles of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) was altered by air pollution. Environ Pollut 158: 1963-1967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.028 - Lin KC, Horng FW, Cheng WE, Chiang HC, Chang UC. 1996. Soil survey and classification of the Fushan Experimental Forest. Taiwan J For Sci 11: 159-174.
- Mabry C, Hamburg SP, Lin TC, Horng FW, King HB, Hsia YJ. 1998. Typhoon disturbance and stand-level damage patterns at a subtropical forest in Taiwan. Biotropica 30: 238-250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00058.x
- Mariotti A, Germon JC, Hubert P, Kaiser P, Letolle R, Tardieux A, Tardieux P. 1981. Experimental determination of nitrogen kinetic isotope fractionation: some principles; illustration for the denitrification and nitrification processes. Plant Soil 62: 423-430.
- Martinelli LA, Piccolo MC, Townsend AR, Vitousek PM, Cuevas E, McDowell W, Robertson GP, Santos OC, Treseder K. 1999. Nitrogen stable isotopic composition of leaves and soil: Tropical versus temperate forests. Biogeochemistry 46: 45-65.
- Matson PM, Vitousek PM, Ewel JJ, Mazzarino MJ, Robertson GP. 1987. Nitrogen transformations and nitrous oxide flux in tropical ecosystems. Global Biogeochem Cycl 1: 163-170. https://doi.org/10.1029/GB001i002p00163
- Meybeck M, Green P, Vorosmarty C. 2001. A new typology for mountains and other relief classes. Moun Res Dev 21: 34-45. https://doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2001)021[0034:ANTFMA]2.0.CO;2
-
Michelsen A, Schmidt IK, Jonasson S, Quarmby C, Sleep D. 1996. Leaf
$^{15}N$ abundance of subarctic plants provides field evidence that ericoid, ectomycorrhizal and non- and arbuscular mycorrhizal species access different sources of soil nitrogen. Oecologia 105: 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00328791 -
Michelsen A, Quarmby C, Sleep D, Jonasson S. 1998. Vascular plant
$^{15}N$ natural abundance in heath and forest tundra ecosystems is closely correlated with presence and type of mycorrhizal fungi in roots. Oceologia 115: 406-418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050535 - Mitchell MJ, Iwatsubo G, Ohrui K, Nakagawa Y. 1997. Nitrogen saturation in Japanese forests: an evaluation. For Ecol Manage 97: 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00047-9
- Nadelhoffer K, Fry B. 1994. Nitrogen isotope studies in forest ecosystems. In: Stable isotopes in ecology and environmental science (Lajtha K, Michener RH, eds). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp 22-44.
- Nasholm T, Nordin A, Edfast AB, Hogberg P. 1997. Identification of coniferous forests with incipient nitrogen saturation through analysis of arginine and nitrogen-15 abundance of trees. J Environ Qual 26: 302-309.
- Neill CM, Piccolo MC, Steudler PA, Melillo JM, Feigl BJ, Cerri CC. 1995. Nitrogen dynamics in soils of forests and active pastures in the western Brazilian Amazon basin. Soil Biol Biochem 27: 1167-1175. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(95)00036-E
- Ohrui K, Mitchell MJ. 1998. Spatial patterns of soil nitrate in Japanese forested watersheds: importance of the near-stream zone as a source of nitrate in stream water. Hydrol Proc 12: 1433-1445. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199807)12:9<1433::AID-HYP646>3.0.CO;2-N
- Owen JS, King HB, Wang MK, Sun HL. 2010. Net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates in forest soil in northeastern Taiwan. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 56: 177-185. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0765.2009.00427.x
- Owen JS, Wang MK, Wang CH, King HB, Sun HL. 2003. Net N mineralization and nitrification rates in a forested ecosystem in northeastern Taiwan. For Ecol Manage 176: 519-530. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00225-6
-
Piccolo MC, Neill C, Melillo JM, Cerri CC, Steudler PA. 1996.
$^{15}N$ natural abundance in forest and pasture soil of the Brazilian Amazon basin. Plant Soil 182: 249-258. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00029056 - Schimdt S, Stewart GR. 1997. Waterlogging and fire impacts on nitrogen availability and utilization in a subtropical wet heathland (wallum). Plant Cell Env 20: 1231-1241. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-20.x
- Skeffington RA. 1990. Accelerated nitrogen inputs-A new problem or a new perspective? Plant Soil 128: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00009391
- Stoddard JL. 1994. Long-term changes in watershed retention of nitrogen, its causes and aquatic consequences. In: Environmental Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoirs (Baker LA, ed). American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 223-284.
- Tang CH, Yang CY. 1976. Mid-tertiary stratigraphic break in the northeast Hsuehshan Range of Taiwan. Petroleum Geology of Taiwan 13: 139-147.
- Vitousek PM. 1984. Litterfall, nutrient cycling, and nutrient limitation in tropical forests. Ecology 65: 285-298. https://doi.org/10.2307/1939481
- Vitousek PM, Sanford R. 1986. Nutrient cycling in moist tropical forest. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 17: 137-167. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.17.110186.001033
-
Yoneyama T, Muraoka T, Murakami T, Boonkerd N. 1993. Natural abundance of
$^{15}N$ in tropical plants with an emphasis on tree legumes. Plant Soil 153: 295-304. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00013003 - Yui FY, Kao SJ, Wu TW. 2009. Nitrogen and N-isotope variation during low-grade metamorphism of the Taiwan mountain belt. Geochemical J 43: 15-27. https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.1.0003