Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

  • 제14권7호
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  • Pages.4053-4056
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  • 2013
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  • 1513-7368(pISSN)
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  • 2476-762X(eISSN)
아시아태평양암예방학회 (Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention)
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Effect of Pre-Procedural State-Trait Anxiety on Pain Perception and Discomfort in Women Undergoing Colposcopy for Cervical Cytological Abnormalities

  • Baser, Eralp (Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital) ;
  • Togrul, Cihan (Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital) ;
  • Ozgu, Emre (Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital) ;
  • Esercan, Alev (Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital) ;
  • Caglar, Mete (Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital) ;
  • Gungor, Tayfun (Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital)
  • 발행 : 2013.07.30
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초록

Background: Colposcopy is the gold standard procedure for evaluating cervical cytological abnormalities. Although it is essentially a minimally invasive intervention, referral for colposcopy may cause significant distress on patients. In this study, we aimed to determine if pre-procedural anxiety levels have a significant association with procedure related pain and discomfort in women undergoing colposcopy for evaluation of abnormal cervical cytology. We also assessed the impact of various clinical factors on anxiety, pain and discomfort in these patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed at the gynecologic oncology department of Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital in Ankara, Turkey between January and June 2013. After taking informed consent, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form and a 14-item questionnaire were filled for women who were admitted to our outpatient colposcopy unit for evaluation of abnormal cervical cytology. STAI scores were calculated for each participant. Immediately after the procedure, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for procedure-related pain and discomfort were obtained. Associations between STAI and VAS scores were investigated using correlation analyses. The effect of various contributing factors on anxiety, pain and discomfort were evaluated with linear regression analysis. The p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 222 women met the inclusion criteria within the study period. Mean patient age was $38.5{\pm}9.6$. Median state and trait anxiety scores were 47 and 46, respectively. Median VAS scores for pain and discomfort were 4 for both variables. State anxiety had a significant correlation with procedure related discomfort (p=0.02). Colposcopy related pain VAS scores were significantly affected by state anxiety level, marital status and prior gynecological examination (p<0.05). Colposcopy related discomfort VAS scores were significantly affected by state anxiety level, marital status, prior gynecological examination and educational status. Conclusions: Additional measures should be implemented in women that carry higher risk for experiencing pain and discomfort. Social, cultural and lifestyle issues may also affect women's experiences during colposcopy, therefore further studies are needed to define specific determining factors in various populations.

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참고문헌

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피인용 문헌

  1. Prevalence and Predicting Factors for Anxiety in Thai Women with Abnormal Cervical Cytology Undergoing Colposcopy vol.16, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.4.1427
  2. Exploring women’s sensory experiences of undergoing colposcopy and related procedures: implications for preparatory sensory information provision vol.37, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482X.2016.1197905
  3. Analgosedation for interventional procedures in patients with acute and chronic pain vol.17, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.12553