Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society (천문학회지)

The Korean Astronomical Society (한국천문학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

SPIRAL ARM MORPHOLOGY OF NEARBY GALAXIES

  • Ann, Hong Bae (Department of Earth Science Education, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Hyun-Rok (Korea Institute of Science and Technology)
  • Received : 2013.05.01
  • Accepted : 2013.05.31
  • Published : 2013.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We analyze the spiral structure of 1725 nearby spiral galaxies with redshift less than 0.02. We use the color images provided by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We determine the arm classes (grand design, multiple-arm, flocculent) and the broad Hubble types (early, intermediate, late) as well as the bar types (SA, SAB, SB) by visual inspection. We find that flocculent galaxies are mostly of late Hubble type while multiple-arm galaxies are likely to be of early Hubble type. The fractional distribution of grand design galaxies is nearly constant along the Hubble type. The dependence of arm class on bar type is not as strong as that of the Hubble type. However, there is about a three times larger fraction of grand design spirals in SB galaxies than in SA galaxies, with nearly constant fractions of multiple-arm galaxies. However, if we consider the Hubble type and bar type together, grand design spirals are more frequent in early types than in late types for SA and SAB galaxies, while they are almost constant along the Hubble type for SB galaxies. There are clear correlations between spiral structures and the local background density: strongly barred, early-type, grand design spirals favor high-density regions, while non-barred, late-type, flocculent galaxies are likely to be found in low-density regions.

Keywords

References

  1. Ann, H. B. 2013, in preparation
  2. Athanassoula, E., Bosma, A., & Papaioannou, S. 1987, Halo Parameters of Spiral Galaxies, A&A, 179, 23
  3. Bertin, G., Lin, C. C., Lowe, S. A., & Thurstans, R. P. 1989, Modal Approach to the Morphology of Spi- ral Galaxies. I - Basic Structure and Astrophysical Viability, ApJ, 338, 738
  4. Bertin, G., Lin, C. C., Lowe, S. A., & Thurstans, R. P. 1989, Modal Approach to the Morphology of Spi- ral Galaxies. I - Basic Structure and Astrophysical Viability, ApJ, 338, 1048
  5. Biviano, A., Girardi, M., Giuricin, G., Mardirossian, F., & Mezzetti, M. 1991, Arm Classification and Ve- locity Gradients in Spiral Galaxies, ApJ, 376, 458 https://doi.org/10.1086/170294
  6. Choi, I. Y.-G., & Ann, H. B. 2011, Spiral Arm Mor- phology in Cluster Environment, JKAS, 44, 161
  7. Choi, Y.-Y., Han, D.-H., & Kim, S. S. 2010, Korea Institute for Advanced Study Value-Added Galaxy Catalog, JKAS, 43, 191
  8. de Vaucouleurs, G., de Vaucouleurs, A., & Corwin, J. R. 1976, Second Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies (Austin: University of Texas Press)
  9. de Vaucouleurs, G., de Vaucouleurs, A., Corwin, H. G. Jr., Buta, R. J., Paturel, G., & Fouque, P. 1991, Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galax- ies (Austin: University of Texas Press)
  10. Dressler, A. 1980, Galaxy Morphology in Rich Clusters - Implications for the Formation and Evolution of Galaxies, ApJ, 236, 351 https://doi.org/10.1086/157753
  11. Elmegreen, D. M., & Elmegreen, B. G. 1982, Floccul- lent and Grand Design Spiral Structure in Field, Bi- nary and Group Galaxies, MNRAS, 201, 1021 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/201.4.1021
  12. Elmegreen, D. M., Elmegreen, B. G., & Dressler, A. 1982, Floccullent and Grand Design Spiral Arm Structure in Cluster Galaxies, MNRAS, 201, 1035 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/201.4.1035
  13. Elmegreen, B. G., & Elmegreen, D. M. 1986, Do Den- sity Waves Trigger Star Formation?, ApJ, 311, 554 https://doi.org/10.1086/164795
  14. Elmegreen, D. M., & Elmegreen, B. G. 1987, Arm Clas- sifications for Spiral Galaxies, ApJ, 314, 3 https://doi.org/10.1086/165034
  15. Elmegreen, B. G., & Elmegreen, D. M. 1989, On the Relative Frequency of Flocculent and Grand Gesign Spiral Structures in Barred Galaxies, ApJ, 342, 677 https://doi.org/10.1086/167628
  16. Elmegreen, B. G. 1990, Grand Design, Multiple Arm, and Floccullent Spiral Galaxies, NYASA, 596, 40 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb27410.x
  17. Gerola, H., & Seiden, P. E. 1978, Stochastic Star For- mation and Spiral Structure of Galaxies, ApJ, 223, 129 https://doi.org/10.1086/156243
  18. Giuricin, G., Mardirossian, F., & Mezzetti, M. 1989, Radio Continuum Emission and Arm Classification in Spiral Galaxies, A&A, 208, 27
  19. Giuricin, G., Monaco, P., Mardirossian, F., & Mezzetti, M. 1994, The Local Galaxy Density and the Arm Class of Spiral Galaxies, ApJ, 425, 450 https://doi.org/10.1086/174000
  20. Goto, T., Yamauchi, C., Fujita, Y., Okamura, S., Sekiguchi, M., Smail, I., Bernardi, M., & Gomez, P. L. 2003, The Morphology-Density Relation in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, MNRAS, 346, 601 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07114.x
  21. Lee, G.-H., Park, C., Lee, M. G., & Choi, Y.-Y. 2012, Dependence of Barred Galaxy Fraction on Galaxy Properties and Environment, ApJ, 745, 125 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/125
  22. Lin, C. C., & Shu, F. H. 1964, On the Spiral Structure of Disk Galaxies, ApJ, 140, 646 https://doi.org/10.1086/147955
  23. McCall, M. L., & Schmidt, F. H. 1986, Supernovae in Flocculent and Grand Design Spirals, ApJ, 311, 548 https://doi.org/10.1086/164794
  24. Nair, P. B.,& Abraham, T. G. 2010, On the Fraction of Barred Spiral Galaxies, ApJ, 714, 260 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/714/2/L260
  25. Muldrew, S. I., et al. 2012, Measures of Galaxy Envi- ronment - I. What is 'Environment'?, MNRAS, 419, 2670 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19922.x
  26. Park, C., & Choi, Y.-Y. 2005, Morphology Segrega- tion of Galaxies in Color-Color Gradient Space, ApJ, 635, L29 https://doi.org/10.1086/499243
  27. Park, C., Choi, Y.-Y., Vogeley, M. S., Gott, J. R. III., & Blanton, M. R. 2007, Environmental Dependence of Properties of Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, ApJ, 658, 898 https://doi.org/10.1086/511059
  28. Romanishin, W. 1985, Star Formation in Grand Design and Flocculent Spiral Galaxies, ApJ, 289, 570 https://doi.org/10.1086/162917
  29. Sandage, A., & Tammann, G. A. 1981, A Revised Shapley-Ames Catalog of Bright Galaxies (Washing- ton: Carneigie Institution of Washington)
  30. Seiden, P. E., & Gerola, H. 1982, Propagating Star For- mation and the Structure and Evolution of Galaxies, Fund. Cosmic Phys., 7, 241
  31. Stark, A. A., Elmegreen, B. G., & Chance, D. 1987, Molecules in Galaxies. V - CO Observations of Floc- culent and Grand-Design Spirals, ApJ, 322, 64 https://doi.org/10.1086/165703
  32. Turner, E. L. 1976, Binary Galaxies. II - Dynamics and Mass-to-Light Ratios, ApJ, 209, 304
  33. Turner, E. L., & Gott, J. R. III., 1976, Groups of Galax- ies. I. A Catalog, ApJS, 32, 409 https://doi.org/10.1086/190403
  34. van den Bergh, S. 1960, A Preliminary Luminosity Classification of Late-Type Galaxies, ApJ, 131, 215 https://doi.org/10.1086/146821
  35. van den Bergh, S. 1960, A Preliminary Luminosity Classification of Type Sb, ApJ, 131, 558 https://doi.org/10.1086/146869

Cited by

  1. Galaxy Zoo: comparing the demographics of spiral arm number and a new method for correcting redshift bias vol.461, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw1588
  2. Supernovae and their host galaxies – IV. The distribution of supernovae relative to spiral arms vol.459, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw873
  3. Galaxy Zoo and sparcfire: constraints on spiral arm formation mechanisms from spiral arm number and pitch angles vol.472, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2137