KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE (한국작물학회지)

The Korean Society of Crop Science (한국작물학회)
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Current Regional Cultural Situation and Evaluation of Grain Characteristics of Korean Wheat II. Grain Characteristics Collected in Domestic Wheat Cultivar Grown in Korea

국산밀 품질 향상을 위한 지역별 재배 현황 및 원맥 특성 평가 II. 농가 수집 원맥 특성 평가

  • Received : 2013.01.16
  • Accepted : 2013.05.21
  • Published : 2013.09.30
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Abstract

Agronomic characteristics and grain properties of Korean wheat of 175 farmers in nationwide for two years, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012, were evaluated to support basic data for improving grain quality of Korean wheat and enhancing Korean wheat consumption. Agronomic characteristics, including culm length, spike length, number of $spike/m^2$ and rate of off-type plant, and grain properties, including 1000 kernel weight, test weight, moisture, ash and protein content, were influenced by year and location. Number of $spike/m^2$, test weight, moisture, ash and protein content of wheat cultivated in 2011 were higher than those of 2012 and culm length, spike length, rate of off-type plant and 1000 kernel weight of 2012 were higher than those of 2011. Wheat cultivated in southern part of Korea showed higher culm length and 1000 kernel weight and lower test weight than those of northern part of Korea. Spike length, number of $spike/m^2$ and test weight were reduced by additional fertilization after mid of March, although there was no significant difference between date of additional fertilization and grain properties. Cultivated wheats in Jeollabuk-do showed lower ash content and higher protein content than those of other provinces and cultivated wheats in Jeollanam-do exhibited higher ash content than that of other provinces. As amount of fertilization increased, culm length, 1000 kernel weight and protein content increased and spike length and ash content were decreased, although date of additional fertilization did not effect on agronomic characteristics and grain properties. Amount of fertilization was positively correlated with 1000 kernel weight and protein content (r = 0.159, P < 0.05 and r = 0.212, P < 0.01, respectively) and was negatively correlated with ash content (r = -0.185, P < 0.05). Thousand kernel weight was negatively correlated with ash content (r = -0.226, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with protein content (r = 0.207, P < 0.01). Ash content increased as test weight and culm length decreased and 1000 kernel weight was influenced by culm and spike length (r = 0.397, P < 0.001 and r = -0.205, P < 0.01, respectively).

국산밀을 재배하는 전국 175농가를 대상으로 2년 동안 농업형질과 원맥 특성을 조사 한 결과, 간장, 수장, 경수와 이형주율은 년차간 차이를 나타내었다. 시비량이 많았던 남부지역에서 재배된 밀의 간장이 중북부 지역 보다 길었으며, 추비시기는 간장에 영향이 없었지만, 3월 중순 이후에 늦게 추비를 준 농가의 수장은 다른 농가에 비하여 길었으나 경수는 감소하였다. 추비 횟수는 농업형질에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 농업형질과 마찬가지로 원맥 특성도 연차간 변이가 있었으며, 남부지역에서 재배된 밀은 중북부지역에서 재배된 밀에 비하여 천립중이 높았으며, 리터중은 낮았으며, 전라북도는 다른 지역에 비하여 낮은 회분 함량과 높은 단백질 함량을 나타냈으며, 전라남도는 다른 지역에 비하여 높은 회분 함량을 나타내었다. 추비시기가 리터중에는 영향을 주었지만 천립중과 회분 및 단백질 함량에는 영향을 주지 않았으며, 추비 횟수도 원맥 특성에 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 시비량에 따라 간장이 증가하고, 천립중과 단백질 함량이 증가하였으며, 수장과 회분함량은 시비량과 부의 상관을 나타내었다. 단백질 함량은 천립중과 정의 상관을 나타내었지만 회분 함량은 천립중 및 리터중과 부의 상관을 나타내었다. 간장이 증가할수록 천립중은 증가하고 리터중은 감소하였으며, 수장은 천립중과 부의 상관을 나타내었다. 시비량이 간장 및 원맥 특성에 영향을 미치기 때문에 품종별 용도에 맞는 밀 품종을 재배하기 위해서는 적정 시비기술에 대한 농가 지도가 필요하다. 또한, 국산 밀의 생산성 증진과 품질 향상 및 균일성 확보를 위해서는 용도별 가공적성에 적합한 품종에 대한 집단 재배단지를 조성하고 철저한 생산 관리와 체계적인 수확 후 관리 구축에 대한 종합적인 고려가 있어야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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