Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An Analysis on the Contribution of Lower Limb Joint According to the Gender and Gait Velocity

성별과 보행 속도에 따른 하지 관절의 기여도 분석

  • Kim, Ro-Bin (Department of Liberal Arts and Science, Hansung University) ;
  • Cho, Joon-Haeng (Department of Liberal Arts and Science, Hansung University)
  • 김로빈 (한성대학교 교양교직학부) ;
  • 조준행 (한성대학교 교양교직학부)
  • Received : 2013.04.30
  • Accepted : 2013.06.19
  • Published : 2013.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the gender differences on gait pattern and the kinetics on lower extremities according to the different gait speed. Ten collegiate male students (age : $23.80{\pm}2.94$ yrs, height : $179.40{\pm}5.04$ cm, weight : $66.57{\pm}5.64$ kg) and ten female students (age : $23.40{\pm}2.91$ yrs, height : $166.06{\pm}5.61$ cm, weight : $53.76{\pm}2.75$ kg) participated in this study. To investigate the role, the ratio of the use, and the effectiveness of each joint during gait, we examined the joint work and the contribution to total work. The results of this study were as follows: First, gait pattern was not differ between male and female, hip joint ROM increased with the increase of gait speed both male and female. Second, the eccentric work of the ankle joint decreased with the increase of the gait speed both male and female, on the other hand increased on the knee joint. Third, in the result of the contribution to total eccentric work, male in both the two gait speed was the biggest on the hips joint. However, female in normal gait speed was the greatest on the ankle joint, was the most on the knee joint in the fast gait speed. Forth, the concentric work on the ankle and hip joint increased with the increase of gait speed both male and female. Fifth, in the result of the contribution to total concentric work, there is no difference in the male both the two gait speed, however decreased in the female on the knee joint with the increase of the gait speed, on the other hand increased on the ankle joint.

Keywords

References

  1. American College of Sports Medicine. (2009). Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Precription (8th ed).
  2. Boyer, K. A., Beaupre, G. S., & Andriacchi, T. P. (2008). Gender differences exist in the hip joint moments of healthy older walkers. Journal of Biomechanics, 41(16), 3360-3365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.09.030
  3. Cavanagh, P. R., & Lafortune, M. A. (1980). Ground reaction forces in distance running. Journal of Biomechanics, 13(5), 397-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(80)90033-0
  4. Cho, J. H., & Kim, R. B. (2012). Effect of the MBT shoes on lower extremity joints dynamics during walking. Journal of Sports and Leisure Studies, 48, 825-834.
  5. Cho, J. H., & Kim, R. B. (2013). The gait analysis of lower extremity joint according to sandbag attaching position. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, 51, 767-775.
  6. Cho, S. H., Park, J. M., & Kwon, O. Y. (2004). Gender differences in three dimensional gait analysis data from 98 healthy Korean adults. Clinical Biomechanics, 19(2), 145-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2003.10.003
  7. Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155-159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
  8. Coutts, F. (1999). Gait analysis in the therapeutic environment. Manual Therapy, 4(1), 2-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1356-689X(99)80003-4
  9. Crowinshield, R. D., Brand, R. A., & Johnston, R. C. (1978). The effects of walking velocity and age on hip kinematics and kinetics. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 132, 140-144.
  10. Decker, M. J., Torry, M. R., Wyland, D. J., Sterett, W. I., & Richard Steadman, J. (2003). Gender differences in lower extremity kinematics, kinetics and energy absorption during landing. Clinical Biomechanics, 18(7), 662-669. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(03)00090-1
  11. DeVita, P., & Skelly, W. A. (1992). Effect of landing stiffness on joint kinetics and energetics in the lower extremity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24(1), 108-115.
  12. Eckel, T. T., Abbey, A. N., Butler, R. J., Nunley, J. A., & Queen, R. M. (2012). Effect of increased weight on ankle mechanics and spatial temporal gait mechanics in healthy controls. Foot and Ankle International, 33(11), 979-983. https://doi.org/10.3113/FAI.2012.0979
  13. Fiser, W. M., Hays, N. P., Rogers, S. C., Kajkenova, O., Williams, A. E., Evans, C. M., & Evans, W. J. (2010). Energetics of walking in elderly people: factors related to gait speed. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 65(12), 1332-1337.
  14. Fregly, B. J., D'Lima, D. D., & Colwell, C. W. (2009). Effective gait patterns for offloading the medial compartment of the knee. Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 27(8), 1016-1021. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.20843
  15. Gil-Agudo, A., Perez-Nombela, S., Forner-Cordero, A., Perez-Rizo, E., Crespo-Ruiz, B., & del Ama-Espinosa, A. (2011). Gait kinematic analysis in patients with a mild form of central cord syndrome. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation, 8, 7 https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-8-7
  16. Herman, R., He, J., D'Luzansky, S., Willis, W., & Dilli, S. (2002). Spinal cord stimulation facilitates functional walking in a chronic, incomplete spinal cord injured. Spinal cord, 40(2), 65-68. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3101263
  17. Korner, J., & Eberle, M. A. (2001). An update on the science and therapy of obesity and its relationship to osteoarthritis. Current Rheumatology Reports, 3(2), 101-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-001-0004-7
  18. Kirtley, C., Whittle, M. W., & Jefferson, R. J. (1985). Influence of walking speed on gait parameters. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 7(4), 282-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-5425(85)90055-X
  19. Kulas, A., Zalewski, P., Hortobagyi, T., & Devita, P. (2008). Effects of added trunk load and corresponding trunk position adaptations on lower extremity biomechanics during drop-landings. Journal of Biomechanics, 41(1), 180-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.06.027
  20. Lee, S. C., Kim, K. H., Cho, J. H., & Moon, G. S. (2010). Injury mechanism of lower extremity joint according to landing height. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, 42, 1067-1076.
  21. McNitt-Gray, J. L. (1993). Kinetics of the lower extremities during drop landings from three heights. Journal of Biomechanics, 26(9), 1037-1046. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(05)80003-X
  22. Oakley, C., Zwierska, I., Tew, G., Beard, J., D., & Saxton, J. M. (2008). Nordic poles immediately improve walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 36(6), 689-694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2008.06.036
  23. Platts, M. M., Rafferty, D., & Paul, L. (2006). Metabolic cost of over ground gait in younger stroke patients and healthy controls. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(6), 1041-1046. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000222829.34111.9c
  24. Powers, C. M. (2003). The influence of altered lower-extremity kinematics on patellofemoral joint dysfunction: a theoretical perspective. The Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 33(11), 639-646. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2003.33.11.639
  25. Rota, V., Perucca, L., Simone, A., & Tesio, L. (2011). Walk ratio (step length/cadence) as a summary index of neuromotor control of gait: application to multiple sclerosis. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 34(3), 265-269. https://doi.org/10.1097/MRR.0b013e328347be02
  26. Schwartz, M. H., Rozumalski, A., & Trost, J. P. (2008). The effect of walking speed on the gait of typically developing children. Journal of Biomechanics, 41(8), 1639-1650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.03.015
  27. Shono, T., Fujishima, K., Hotta, N., Ogaki, T., & Masumoto, K. (2001). Cardiorespiratory response to low-intensity walking in water and on land in elderly women. Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science, 20(5), 269-274. https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.20.269
  28. Sutherland, D. H., Olshen, R., Cooper, L., & Woo, S. L. (1980). The development of mature gait. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume, 62(3), 336-353. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198062030-00004
  29. Teixeira-Salmela, L. F., Nadeau, S., Milot, M. H., Gravel, D., & Requiao, L. F. (2008). Effects of cadence on energy generation and absorption at lower extremity joints during gait. Clinical Biomechanics, 23(6), 769-778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.02.007
  30. Decker, M. J., Torry, M. R., Wyland, D. J., Sterett, W. I. & Richard Steadman, J. (2003). Gender differences in lower extremity kinematics, kinetics and energy absorption during landing. Clinical Biomechanics, 18(7), 662-669 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(03)00090-1
  31. Waters, R. L., Lunsford, B. R., Perry, J., & Byrd, R. (1988). Energyspeed relationship of walking: standard tables. Journal of Orthopedic Research, 6(2), 215-222. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100060208
  32. Yeow, C. H., Lee, P. V. S., & Goh, J. C. H. (2009). Effect of landing height on frontal plane kinematics, kinetics and energy dissipation at lower extremity joints. Journal of Biomechanics, 42(12), 1967-1973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.05.017
  33. Yeow, C. H., Lee, P. V. S., & Goh, J. C. H. (2010). Sagittal knee joint kinematics and energetics in response to different landing heights and techniques. The Knee, 17(2), 127-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2009.07.015
  34. Zhang, S. N., Bates, B. T., & Dufek, J. S. (2000). Contributions of lower extremity joints to energy dissipation during landings. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 32(4), 812-819 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200004000-00014

Cited by

  1. Effect of Backward Walking Exercise on ROM, VAS score and Proprioception in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Patients vol.17, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2016.17.5.522
  2. The Effects of Lower Extremity Angle According to Heel-height Changes in Young Ladies in Their 20s during Gait vol.26, pp.7, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.1055
  3. The Effect of Raised Heel Insole and Landing Height on the Shock Absorption Mechanism during Drop Landing vol.24, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2014.24.2.131