Results of Anxiety Disorder Screening Programat the 2013 Mental Health Exposition in Seoul

2013년 정신건강박람회 불안 장애 선별검사 결과

  • Choi, Kangrok (Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University) ;
  • Kim, Daeho (Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University) ;
  • Seo, Ho Jun (Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Huh, Hyu Jung (Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Woo (Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Inje University) ;
  • Chae, Jeong Ho (Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
  • 최강록 (한양대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 김대호 (한양대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 서호준 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 허휴정 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 이동우 (인제대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 채정호 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실)
  • Received : 2013.09.24
  • Accepted : 2013.10.09
  • Published : 2013.10.31

Abstract

Objective : Despite the chronic nature and high social costs, individuals with anxiety disorders seldom seek treatment. Thus, education for public awareness and screening for the illness is tremendously important for mental health professionals. This study summaries and presents the results from Anxiety Disorder Screening Program during the Mental Health Exposition held in Seoul in April, 2013. Methods : We analyzed the data from 116 participants who agreed and completed the screening questionnaires during their visits to two-day Anxiety Disorder Screening Program prepared by the Korean Academy of Anxiety Disorder. The questionnaire comprised of modified Mobility inventory for agoraphobia, Contents of worries, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Life Events Checklist, and Abbreviated Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist. Results : Participants demonstrated high rates of anxiety symptoms and possible anxiety disorders. Experience of panic attack was reported by 45%, lifetime and 16% in the past month by respondents. Phobia was reported by 46%. Participants had an average of 3.3 pathological worries and among those, social or interpersonal content was most common (46%). At least one lifetime traumatic event was reported by 64%. By the cut-off scores in the literature, 46% had possible generalized anxiety disorder and 58% possible posttraumatic stress disorder. Conclusion : Our results suggested that many visitors to Anxiety Disorder Screening Program were in fact treatment seeking after experiencing some forms of anxiety symptoms. Further efforts for delivery of medical information and increasing public awareness for anxiety disorders are needed.

Keywords

References

  1. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry. 10thed. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;2007. p.580-583.
  2. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, California, Consulting Psychologists Press;1970.
  3. Kolb LC, Brodie HK. Modern Clinical Psychiatry. 10th ed. Philadelphia, Sauders;1982.
  4. Nan L, Calvin SL, Julian TB, Li SC. Factors influencing health-related quality of life of Asians with anxiety disorders in Singapore. Qual Life Res 2004;13:557-565. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:QURE.0000018484.89711.e2
  5. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Text Revision. 4thed. Washington DC, American Psychiatric Press;2000.
  6. World Health Organization. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva, World Health Organization;1992.
  7. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5thed. Washington DC, American Psychiatric Press;2013.
  8. Kessler RC, Petukhova M, Sampson NA, Zaslavsky AM, Wittchen HU. Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2012;21:169-184. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1359
  9. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and Age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62;593-602. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593
  10. Cho MJ, Park JI, Bae A, Bae JN, Son JW, Ahn JH, et al. The Epidemiological Survey of Mental Disorders in Korea. Seoul, Ministry of Health and Welfare;2011.
  11. Goh SJ. Increasing the number of neuropsychiatric treatment annually. The Medical Times. 2009 Sep 30. Available from: http://www.medicaltimes.com/Users3/News/newsView.html?ID=85665&nSection=1&nStart=0&subMenu=news&subNum=1.
  12. Chelminski I, Zimmerman M. Pathological worry in depressed and anxious patients. J Anxiety Disord 2003;17:533-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00246-3
  13. Di Nardo PA, Barlow DH. Syndrome and symptom comorbidity in the anxiety disorders. In: Maser JD,Cloniger CR, editors. Comorbidity in Anxiety and Mood Disorders. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press;1990. p.205-230.
  14. Chung SK, Kwon JS, 2006 Korean anxiety research group. 2006 Korean anxiety: report on anxiety research results. Anxiety Mood 2006; 2:115-121.
  15. Dadds MR, Spence SH, Holland DE, Barrett PM, Laurens KR. Prevention and early intervention for anxiety disorders: a controlled trial. J Consult ClinPsychol 1997;65:627-635. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.65.4.627
  16. Coles ME, Coleman SL. Barriers to treatment seeking for anxiety disorders: initial data on the role of mental health literacy. Depress Anxiety 2010;27:63-71. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20620
  17. Chambless DL, Caputo GC, Jasin SE, Gracely EJ, Williams C. The Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia. Behav Res Ther 1985;23:35-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(85)90140-8
  18. Singh H. Top 10 reasons why people worry in 2011.; [Updated 2011 Mar 25] Available from: http://voices.yahoo.com/top-10-reasons-why-people-worry-2011-8098906.html?cat=5.
  19. Meyer TJ, Miller ML, Metzger RL, Borkovec TD. Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behav Res Ther 1990;28:487-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6
  20. Kim JW, Min BB. Intolerance of Uncertainty and Problem Orientation in Worry: Proceedings of Annual Conference of the Korean Psychological Association; Seoul, Korean Psychological Association;1998. p.83-92.
  21. Bae HL, Kim DH, Koh HR, Kim YS, Park JS. Psychometric properties of the Life Events Checklist-Korean version. Psychiatry Invest 2008;5:163-167. https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2008.5.3.163
  22. Lang AJ, Stein MB. An abbreviated PTSD checklist for use as a screening instrument in primary care. Behav Res Ther 2005;43: 585-594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2004.04.005
  23. Behar E, Alcaine O, Zuellig AR, BorkovecTD. Screening for generalized anxiety disorder using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire: a receiver operating characteristic analysis. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2003;34:25-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7916(03)00004-1
  24. Eaton WW, Kessler RC, Wittchen HU, Magee WJ. Panic and panic disorder in the United States. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:413-420. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.151.3.413
  25. Fullana MA, Vilagut G, Ortega N, Bruffaerts R, de Girolamo G, de Graaf R, et al. Prevalence and correlates of respiratory and non-respiratory panic attacks in the general population. J Affect Disord 2011;131:330-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.031
  26. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Jin R, Ruscio AM, Shear K, Walters EE. The epidemiology of panic attacks, panic disorder, and agoraphobia in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:415-424. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.63.4.415
  27. Bellini M, Galaverni E. Panic symptoms among general physicians' patients. Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc 2003;12:198-204. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1121189X00002979
  28. Norris FH. Epidemiology of trauma: frequency and impact of different potentially traumatic events on different demographic groups. J Consult Clin Psychol 1992;60:409-418. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.60.3.409
  29. Breslau N, Kessler RC, Chilcoat HD, Schultz LR, Davis GC, Andreski P. Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: the 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55: 626-632. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.7.626
  30. Breslau N. The epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: what is the extent of the problem? J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62Suppl 17:16-22.
  31. Kessler RC, Sonnega A, Bromet E, Hughes M, Nelson CB. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:1048-1060. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012
  32. Hong JJ, Suh TW, Lee HJ, Ham BJ, Lee JY, Cho SJ, et al. Partial versus full PTSD in the Korean community: prevalence, duration, correlates, comorbidity, and dysfunctions. Depress Anxiety 2007; 24:577-585 . https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20270
  33. Fredrikson M, Annas P, Fischer H, Wik G. Gender and age differences in the prevalence of specific fears and phobias. Behav Res Ther 1996;34:33-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(95)00048-3
  34. Wittchen HU, Zhao S, Kessler RC, Eaton WW. DSM-III-R generalized anxiety disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:355-364. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950050015002
  35. Diefenbach GJ, Stanley MA, Beck JG. Worry content reported by older adults with and without generalized anxiety disorder. Aging Ment Health 2001;5:269-274. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860120065069
  36. Rice DP, Miller LS. Health economics and cost implications of anxiety and other mental disorders in the United States. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1998;173:4-9. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.173.1.4
  37. Lee CK, Kwak YS, Yamamoto J, Rhee H, Kim YS, Han JH, et al. Psychiatric epidemiology in Korea: Part 1: Gender and age differences in Seoul. J NervMent Dis 1990;178:242-246. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199004000-00004