Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care

Korean Society for Hospice and Palliative Care (한국호스피스완화의료학회)
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Symptom Clusters in Advanced Cancer Patients

진행암 환자의 증상군

  • Hwang, Sun Wook (Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
  • 황선욱 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 가정의학교실)
  • Received : 2013.08.12
  • Accepted : 2013.08.26
  • Published : 2013.09.01
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Abstract

Advanced cancer patients tend to present multiple concurrent symptoms which are often moderate or severe in intensity. To date, the majority of studies have focused on either a single symptom, such as pain, fatigue, or depression or associated symptoms. While this approach has advanced understanding of some symptoms, it has offered clinicians not much guidance for treating several multiple concurrent symptoms in cancer patients. So in recent years, a few symptom management studies attempted a new approach of focusing on symptom clusters instead of individual symptoms. A symptom cluster is defined as two or more concurrent symptoms that are related to each other. If we better understand symptom clusters, interrelations of symptoms, and their common mechanisms in advanced cancer patients, clinicians can more effectively control multiple, concurrent symptoms and reduce drug side effects. And clinicians can also predict any other symptoms, functional performance, and the relationship between symptom clusters and survival in advanced cancer patients. At present, there is inconsistency in symptom clusters due to many unexplained mechanisms and various means to assess and analyze symptoms. Still, with further study, the approach to symptom clusters rather than individual symptoms could more effectively control symptoms and improve patients' quality of life.

진행성 암환자들은 동시에 여러 가지 증상을 겪고 있으며 그 정도가 중등도 이상으로 매우 높은 편이다. 환자 증상 조절을 위해 지금까지는 통증, 우울증, 피로 등 여러 각각의 증상에 대해서 치료하는 방법에 대해서 주로 연구 되어서 많은 발전이 있었지만 진행성 암환자의 특성상 동시에 발생하는 여러 가지 증상을 동시에 조절하는 데에는 한계가 있다. 따라서 최근에는 더욱 효과적인 증상 조절을 위해 이러한 각각의 증상에 대한 접근 방법에서 동시에 발생하는 여러 증상군(symptom cluster)에 대한 접근 방법에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 증상군은 원인과 기전에 상관없이 다른 군과 독립적이면서 2개 이상의 서로 연관성 있는 동시에 발생하는 증상을 의미한다. 진행성 암환자에서 이러한 증상군을 이용하여 증상들 간에 연관성, 공통된 기전 등을 이해하면 개별 증상 치료보다 더 효과적으로 조절할 수 있고 약물 부작용 등을 줄일 수 있다. 또한 다른 증상을 예측할 수 있고 환자의 기능 평가, 생존 예측에도 도움이 된다. 아직 밝혀지지 않은 기전이 많고 증상 측정 도구와 인자 분석 방법이 다양하기 때문에 증상군이 일정하지 않은 면이 있지만 더욱 많은 연구를 통해서 효과적인 증상 조절과 삶의 질 향상에 기여하게 될 것이다.

Keywords

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