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A Study on Obesity and Behavior Problems in Elementary Children Living in Poverty

학령기 빈곤가정 아동의 비만도와 문제행동 양상

  • Received : 2013.02.28
  • Accepted : 2013.04.16
  • Published : 2013.04.30

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of being from low-income families on children's behavior problems and obesity. Methods: The research design was a descriptive survey study, and the participants were 197 children from low-income families who took part in activities at a local children's center. They were selected through convenience sampling. The participants completed a questionnaire, BASC-2 (Behavior Assessment System for Children). Results: The results are as follows: 22.3% had obesity, a rate higher than that of children in general. Further, 37.3% had attention deficit problems, 33.8% had problems adapting to school and 49% had other adaption problem. There was a gender-specific difference with respect to all of the behavior problems. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate a lack of an identified child policy for behavior problems and health, and suggest a need for various programs and policies which could lead to development of behavior screening programs for children from low-income families.

목적 연구의 목적은 빈곤가정아동의 문제행동과 비만도의 발생양상을 밝히고 그 관계를 규명하는 것이다. 방법 인천지역 22개의 지역아동센터의 차상위계층과 기초생활수급자 가정의 초등학교 4-6학년 아동 197명을 대상으로 신체검진과, 아동이 직접 아동문제행동검사(K-BASC2)를 수행하였으며, 자료분석은 SPSS17.0을 이용하여 빈도분석과, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test를 실시하였다. 결과 신체계측결과 중등도이상비만이 9.6%이었다. 문제행동에서는 내면화문제의 위험군이상은 8.6%, 주의력결핍/과잉행동문제 위험군 이상은 22.8%, 학교문제의 위험군은 33.8%, 적응기술에서 49%가 위험군 이상이었다. 이는 2012년 교육과학기술부에서 우리나라 전국초등학생을 대상으로 실시한 정서행동선별검사보다 매우 높은 비율이었다. 성별에 따른 문제행동의 결과는 모든 영역에서 남학생에서 높은 비율이었다. 비만도에 따른 문제행동의 결과는 학교문제와 정서지표에서 비만도 그룹간 차이가 유의한 결과를 보였다. 결론 빈곤가정아동을 대상으로 현재의 학교 체계 안에서 이루어지는 검진시스템보다 더 자주, 주기적으로 점검되어야 하며, 특히 정신, 행동문제의 조기발견과 심각한 질환으로 발전하기 전에 아동 일대일 맞춤치료와 지속적인 상담, 간호중재가 절실히 필요하다. 특히 빈곤가정의 비만한 아동은 정신건강의 스트레스를 많이 받는 만큼, 이 아동들을 질병발생의 위험군으로 선정하고 조기발견, 예방중재, 치료적 상담의 시스템을 아동에게 적용해야 할 필요가 있다.

Keywords

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