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Reduction of Bacterial Wilt Diseases with Eggplant Rootstock EG203-Grafted Tomatoes in the Field Trials

가지대목 EG203을 이용한 토마토 풋마름병 경감효과

  • Lee, Mun Haeng (Buyeo Tomato Experiment Station, Chungcheong Nam Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Kim, Ji Kwang (Buyeo Tomato Experiment Station, Chungcheong Nam Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Lee, Hee Kyoung (Buyeo Tomato Experiment Station, Chungcheong Nam Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Kim, Keyng Jae (Buyeo Tomato Experiment Station, Chungcheong Nam Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Yu, Seung Hun (Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Young Shik (Department of Plant and Food Sciences, Sangmyung University) ;
  • Lee, Youn Su (Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University)
  • 이문행 (충청남도농업기술원 부여토마토시험장) ;
  • 김지광 (충청남도농업기술원 부여토마토시험장) ;
  • 이희경 (충청남도농업기술원 부여토마토시험장) ;
  • 김경제 (충청남도농업기술원 부여토마토시험장) ;
  • 유승헌 (충남대학교 응용생물학과) ;
  • 김영식 (상명대학교 식물식품공학과) ;
  • 이윤수 (강원대학교 식물자원응용공학과)
  • Received : 2012.11.06
  • Accepted : 2013.03.21
  • Published : 2013.06.30

Abstract

Wilt damage on tomato plants caused by Ralstonia solanacearum has been increased as the areas of tomato cultivation increased during the warm seasons. Also, the tomato rootstocks used to prevent the disease occurrence are not effective in the highly prevailing regions. Therefore, bacterial wilt resistant eggplant rootstock EG203, collected from AVRDC, was tested for its effect to deter the Ralstonia solanacearum wilt disease in the greenhouses at Buyeo Tomato Experiment Station from 2003 to 2005, and at Gumi, Kyungpook province from 2009-2011. Planting of eggplant rootstock EG203 should be done three weeks before the planting of tomato scions so that they can have similar stem diameter (2.5-3.0 mm) and can be easily grafted. Both insertion and inarching grafting showed 93-96% success rates. In the greenhouse tests at Buyeo Tomato Experiment Station from 2003 to 2005, eggplant rootstock EG203-grafted tomatoes showed the disease occurrence of 4.3%. On the other hand, non-grafted or other commercial rootstock-grafted tomatoes showed disease occurrence of 58.0% and 25.0-36.7%, respectively. In the greenhouse tests at Gumi, Kyungpook province in 2009, the disease occurrence on the EG203-grafted and non-grafted tomatoes was 2-5% and 20-80%, respectively. In 2010, at Gumi, Kyungpook province, when the wilt disease occurred slightly, the tomatoes grafted with tomato rootstocks B-blocking and Chung-gang, and eggplant rootstock EG203 showed similar disease severities, but EG203-grafted tomatoes formed lately cluster, resulting in the reduction of yield compared to tomato-grafted tomatoes. In 2011, at Gumi, Kyungpook province, when the wilt disease occurred severely, the tomato rootstocks 'B-blocking' and Chung-gang and eggplant rootstock EG203-grafted tomatoes showed disease occurrences of 60-85% and 0-1%, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that tomato rootstocks 'B-blocking' and 'Chung-gang' are more useful in the areas contaminated with low levels of pathogen and eggplant rootstock EG203 is more useful in the areas contaminated with high levels of pathogen.

Ralstonia solanacearum에 의한 시들음 피해는 고온기 재배가 증가함에 따라 피해가 증가하고 있다. 이에 재배적 방법으로 토마토대목을 이용하고 있으나 병이 다 발생하는 지역에서는 효과가 기대에 미치지 못한다. 이에 따라서 AVRDC에서 수집한 풋마름병 저항성 가지 대목인 EG203을 재료로 하여 풋마름병 다 발생포장인 부여 토마토시험장 비닐하우스에서 2003-2005년, 구미시 비닐하우스에서 2009-2011년까지 두 곳에서 각각 3년간 실시하였다. EG203(가지)는 광발아 종자로 파종 시 육묘 트레이에 직접 파종하여야 하며 EG-203(가지)의 파종 적기는 토마토 접수보다 3주전에 파종해야 접수와 비슷한 경경(2.5-3.0 mm)에 도달하여 접목하기에 알맞았다. 접목방법은 맞접과 삽접이 93-96%의 활착률을 보여 대목으로 사용가능한 것으로 확인되었다. 접목 후 포장에 정식한 후의 풋마름병 발생을 2003년부터 2005년까지 3년 동안의 평균은 EG203(가지) 접목 시 4.3%로 실생의 58.0%보다 매우 낮았으며 대목용 품종의 25.0-36.7%보다도 낮게 나타났다. 구미에서 2009년부터 2011년까지 3년간 대목 효과에 대하여 시험한 결과는 2009년 5농가에서 EG203과 실생묘를 비교한 결과 EG203에서는 풋마름병 발생률이 2-5%였으나 실생은 20-80%를 보였다. 2010년에는 토마토대목('B-blocking', '청강')과 가지대목(EG203)을 갖고 비교 한 결과 풋마름병 발생률의 차이는 보이지 않았으나 가지대목(EG203)에서 복화방 출현이 늦어 수확이 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 2011년 토마토대목('청강')과 가지대목(EG203)으로 3농가에서 시험한 결과 토마토대목('청강')에서 풋마름병 발생률은 60-85%, 가지대목(EG203)은 0-1%로 가지대목에서 병발생률이 매우 낮았다. 가지대목(EG203)을 이용할 경우 토마토대목과 비교 복화방이 늦게 발생하여 토마토 생산량이 줄었다. 따라서 병 발생이 낮은 곳에서는 토마토대목을 활용하여 접목을 하고 병이 다 발생하는 지역에서는 가지대목(EG203)을 활용하는 것이 재배에 유리하다고 판단되어진다.

Keywords

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