한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경 (Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment)

  • 제18권3호
  • /
  • Pages.82-92
  • /
  • 2013
  • /
  • 1598-6438(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2287-8831(eISSN)
한국지하수토양환경학회 (Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

국내 변성암 지역 음용지하수 중 자연방사성물질(238U, 222Rn)의 환경 특성 연구

Environmental Characteristics of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (238U, 222Rn) Concentration in Drinking Groundwaters of Metamorphic Rock Areas: Korea

  • 주병규 (국립환경과학원 토양지하수연구과) ;
  • 김문수 (국립환경과학원 토양지하수연구과) ;
  • 정도환 (국립환경과학원 토양지하수연구과) ;
  • 홍정기 (국립환경과학원 토양지하수연구과) ;
  • 김동수 (국립환경과학원 토양지하수연구과) ;
  • 노회정 (국립환경과학원 토양지하수연구과) ;
  • 윤정기 (국립환경과학원 토양지하수연구과) ;
  • 김태승 (국립환경과학원 토양지하수연구과)
  • Ju, Byoung Kyu (Soil and Groundwater Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Moon Su (Soil and Groundwater Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Jeong, Do Hwan (Soil and Groundwater Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Hong, Jung Ki (Soil and Groundwater Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Dong Su (Soil and Groundwater Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Noh, Hoe Jung (Soil and Groundwater Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Yoon, Jeong Ki (Soil and Groundwater Division, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Tae Seung (Soil and Groundwater Division, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 투고 : 2013.04.10
  • 심사 : 2013.06.18
  • 발행 : 2013.06.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This study has investigated naturally occurring radioactive materials (N.O.R.M; $^{238}U$, $^{222}Rn$) for 353 drinking groundwater wells in metamorphic rock areas in Korea. Uranium concentrations ranged from N.D (not detected) to 563.56 ${\mu}g/L$ (median value, 0.68 ${\mu}g/L$) and radon concentrations ranged from 108 to 11,612 pCi/L (median value, 1,400 pCi/L). Uranium and radon concentrations in the groundwater generally are similar to USA with similar geological setting. Uranium concentrations in 9 wells (2.6%) exceeded 30 ${\mu}g/L$, which is the maximum contaminant level (MCL) by the US environmental protection agency (EPA), radon concentrations in 46 wells (13%) exceeded 4,000 pCi/L, which is the Alternative MCL (AMCL) by the US.EPA. The log-log correlation coefficient between uranium and radon was 0.32. The correlation coefficient between uranium and pH was 0.12 and the correlation coefficient between radon and temperature was -0.01. The correlation coefficient between uranium and $HCO_3$ was 0.09 and the correlation coefficient between uranium and Ca was 0.11. The median value of uranium was high Chung-Buk (1.78 ${\mu}g/L$), Gyeong-Buk (1.37 ${\mu}g/L$), In-Cheon (1.06 ${\mu}g/L$) for each province. On the other hand, the median value of radon was high In-Cheon (2,962 pCi/L), Chung-Buk (2,339 pCi/L), Jeon-Buk (2,165 pCi/L) for each province. Jeon-Buk for log-log correlation coefficient is the highest (0.63) among provinces.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Arvela, H., Blomqvist, L., and Mustonen, R., 1979, In Situ External Environmental Gamma Ray measurements, In: Studies on Environmental Radioactivity in Finland 1976-1977, Report STL-A 26, Helsinki; Institute of Radiation Protection.
  2. Almeida, R.M.R., Lauria, D.C., Ferreira, A.C., and Sracek, O., 2004, Groundwater radon, radium and uranium concentrations in Regiao dos Lagos, Ril de Janeiro State, Brazil, J. Environ. Radioact, 73, 323-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2003.10.006
  3. Banks, D., Bjorn, F., Aase, K.M., Jan, R.K., and Terje, S., 1998, The chemistry of Norwegian groundwaters : I. The distribution of radon, major and minor elementsin 1604 crystalline bedrock groundwaters, Sci. Total Environ., 222, 71-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00291-5
  4. Cothern, C.R. and Rebers, P.A., 1990, Radon, radium and uranium in drinking water, Lewis publishers, ISBN 0-87371-207-2, 286 p.
  5. Cho, B.W., Choo, C.O., Kim, M.S., Lee, Y.J., Yoon, U., and Lee, B.D., 2011, Uranium and Radon Concentrations in Groundwater near the Incheon Granite, The J. Eng. Geol, 21(3), 259-269. https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2011.21.3.259
  6. David, S.V., Avner, V., Daniella, H., and Gary, S.D., 2009, Relationships between radium and radon occurrence and hydrochemistry in fresh groundwater from fractured crystalline rocks, North Carolina (USA), Chem. Geol., 260, 159-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.10.022
  7. Frengstad, B., 2000, The chemistry of Norwegian groundwater III. The distribution of trace elements in 476 crystalline bedrock groundwaters, as analysed by ICP-MS techniques, Sci. Total Environ., 246, 21-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00413-1
  8. Health Canada, 1968, The Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality and the Guideline Technical Documents.
  9. Hess, C.T., Michel, J., Horton, T.R., and Coniglio W.A., 1985, The occurrence of radioactivity in public water supplies in the United States, Health Phys., 48, 553-586. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198505000-00002
  10. Han, J.H. and Park, K.H., 1996, Abundances of Uranium and Radon in Groundwater of Taejeon Area, KSEEG, 29(5), 589- 595.
  11. Ivanovich, M. and Harmon, R.S., 1982, (Eds.) Uranium Series Disequilibrium. Applications to Environmental Problems, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  12. Jeong, C.H., Kim, M.S., Lee, Y.J., Han, J.S., Jang, H.G., and Cho, B.W., 2011, Hydrochemistry and Occurrence of Natural Radioactive Materials within Borehole Groundwater in the Cheongwon Area, The J. Eng. Geol., 21(2), 163- 178. https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2011.21.2.163
  13. Jeong, D.H., Kim, M.S., Ju, B.K., and Kim, T,S., 2011, Distribution Characteristics of Uranium and Radon Concentration in Groundwaters of Provinces in Korea, Journal of KoSSGE, 16(6), 143-149. https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2011.16.6.143
  14. Kim, T.S., Park, J.G., Eom, I.C., Yoon, J.K., Jeong, D.H., Kang, K.C., Yun, D.G., and Kwon, J.C., 2007, An investigation of natural radionuclide levels in groundwater (I), NIER Report, 155.
  15. Kim, M.S., Han, J.S., Lee, Y.J., Kim, T.S., Kim, D.H., Kim, H.G., Noh, H.J., Kim, H.J., Yoo, J.Y., Park, S.H., Jeong, D.H., Ju, B.K., Park, Y.H., Hong, S.K., and Kim, D.S., 2011, Study on Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (N.O.R.M.) in Groundwater in South Korea ('11), NIER Report.
  16. Langmuir, D., 1978, Uranium solution-mineral equilibria at low temperatures with applications to sedimentary ore deposits, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 42, 547-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(78)90001-7
  17. Michel, J., 1990, Relationship of radium and radon with geological formations. In C. R. Cothern, & P. A. Rebers, Radon, radium and uranium in drinking water. MI, USA: Lewis Publishers, Inc.
  18. Sigma Press, 1992, Geology of Korea.
  19. Sung, I.H., Choo, C.O., Cho, B.W., Lee, B.D., Kim, T.K., and Lee, I.H., 1998, Hydrochemical Properties of the Groundwater Used for the Natural Mineral Waters in Precambrian Metamorphic Terrains, Korea, Journal of KoSSGE, 5(4), 203-209.
  20. Shin, H.S., Lee, C.W., Lee, M.H., Cho, Y.H., H, K.H., and Choi, G.S., 1999, A Study of the Rn-222 and Ra-226 Analysis in Aqueous Samples with a Low-Level Liquid Scintillation Counter and Pulse-Shape Analysis, J. Anal. Sci. Technol., 12(5).
  21. STUK, 2005, $^{238}U$-series radionuclides in Finnish groundwaterbased drinking water and effective doses, STUK-A123.
  22. Tadeusz, A.P., Kalina, M.L., Monika, K., Jerzy, D., and Beata, K.O., 2004, Radon concentration groundwaters of the Polish part of the Sudety Mountains (SW Poland), J. Environ. Radioact, 75, 193-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2003.12.004
  23. USGS, 1962, Data on uranium and radium in groundwater in the USA, Professional Paper No. 426.
  24. USEPA, 2000, National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; Radionuclides; Final Rule Federal Register, 65.
  25. USGS, 2004, Chester County Ground-Water Atlas, Chester County, Pennsylvania, open-file report.
  26. Wrenn, W.M., Spitz, H., and Och C.N., 1975, Design of a continuous digital output environmental radon monitor, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-22.
  27. Wathen, J.B., 1987, The effect of uranium sitting in two-mica granites on uranium concentrations and radon activity in groundwater, Proceedings of the NWWA conference.
  28. Wilhelm, E., Battino, R., and Wilcox, R.J., 1977, Low-pressure Solubility of Gases in Liquid Water, Chem. Rev., 77, 219-262. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60306a003
  29. Weihai, Z., Takao, I., and Xiaotong, Y., 2001, Occurrence of $^{222}Rn$, $^{226}Ra$, $^{228}Ra$ and U in groundwater in Fujian Province, China, J. Environ. Radioact, 53, 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(00)00108-9
  30. WHO, 2011, 4rd Edition of Guidelines on Drinking Water Quality.

피인용 문헌

  1. Occurrence Characteristics of Uranium and Radon-222 in Groundwater at ○○ Village, Yongin Area vol.26, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2016.2.261
  2. Geochemical Origins and Occurrences of Natural Radioactive Materials in Borehole Groundwater in the Goesan Area vol.24, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2014.4.535
  3. Occurrence of Radionuclides in Groundwater of Korea According to the Geological Condition vol.26, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2016.1.71
  4. Occurrences of Uranium and Radon-222 from Groundwaters in Various Geological Environment in the Hoengseong Area vol.25, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2015.4.557