References
- American Cancer Society (2008). Global cancer facts and figures (2nd ed.) Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society.
- American Cancer Society (2009). Chemotherapy effects. Retrieved on December 4, 2012, http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/ physicalsideeffects/chemotherapyeffects/index.
- Arber N (2008). Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in colorectal cancer prevention: Point. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 17, 1852-57. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0167
- Barnes LD, Garriso PN, Siprashvili Z, et al (1996). Fhit, a putative tumor suppressor in humans, is a dinucleoside 5',5 P1,P3-triphosphate hydrolase. Biochem, 35, 11529-35. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi961415t
- Bird RP (1998). Aberrant crypt foci to study cancer preventive agents in the colon. In Tumor Marker Protocol, ed. M. Hanaucek, and Z. Walaszek, 1998, pp 465-474. Human Press Inc., New Jersey, USA.
- Chung DC (2000). The genetic basis of colorectal cancer: insights into critical pathways of tumorigenesis. Gastroenterol, 119, 854-65. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2000.16507
-
Clevers H (2006). Wnt/
$\beta$ Catenin signaling in development and disease. Cell, 127, 469-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.10.018 - Crofford LI, Wilder RL, Ristimaki AP, et al (1994). Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 expression in rheumatoid synovial tissues. Effects of interleukin-1 beta, phorbol ester and corticosteroids. J Clin Invest, 93, 1095-101. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI117060
- DuBois RN, Radhika A, Reddy BS, et al (1996). Increased cyclooxygenase-2 levels in carcinogen-induced rat colonic tumors. Gastroenterol, 110, 1259-62. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8613017
- Ebert MP, Fei G, Schandl L, et al (2002). Reduced PTEN expression in the pancreas overexpressing transforming growth factor-beta 1. Br J Cancer, 86, 257-62. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6600031
- Eisinger AL, Prescott SM, Jones DA, Stafforini DM (2007). The role of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandins in colon cancer. Prostaglandin Other Lipid Mediat, 82, 147-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2006.05.026
-
Iwamoto M, Ahnen DJ, Franklin WA, et al (2000). Expression of
$\beta$ -catenin and full-length APC protein in normal and neoplastic colonic tissues. Carcinogenesis, 2, 1935-40. - Jariwalla RJ (2001). Rice bran products: phytonutrients with potential applications in preventive and clinical medicine. Drugs under Exp. Clin Res, 27, 17-26.
- Kohno H, Suzuki R, Sugie S, et al (2005). Suppression of colitisrelated mouse colon carcinogenesis by a COX-2 inhibitor and PPAR ligands. BioMed Central Ltd, 5, 46-58. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-5-46
- Kikuchi Y, Dinjens WN, Bosman FT (1997). Proliferation and apoptosis in proliferative lesions of the colon and rectum. Virchows Arch, 431, 111-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004280050076
-
Latifah SY, Armania N, Tze TH, et al (2010). Germinated brown rice (GBR) reduces the incidence of aberrant crypt foci with the involvement of
$\beta$ -catenin and COX-2 in azoxymethaneinduced colon cancer in rats. Nutrition J, 9, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-9-16 - Li SC, Chou TC, Shih CK (2011). Effects of brown rice, rice bran and polished rice on colon carcinogenesis in rats. Food Res Intern, 44, 209-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2010.10.034
- Lim SC, Lee TB, Choi CH, et al (2007). Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and its relationship to p53 accumulation in colorectal cancers. Yonsei Med J, 48, 495-501. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2007.48.3.495
- Meric JB, Rottey S, Olaussen K, et al (2006). Cyclooxygenase-2 as a target for anticancer drug development. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 59, 51-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2006.01.003
- Ministry of Health Malaysia (2007). National Cancer Registry Report. Malaysia Cancer Statistics- Data and Figure, Putrajaya: Ministry of Health.
- Mobius C, Stein HJ, Spiess C, et al (2005). COX-2 expression, angiogenesis, proliferation and survival in Barrett's Cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol, 31, 755-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2005.01.006
- Morin PJ, Sparks AB, Korinek V et al (1997). Activation of beta-catenin-Tcf signaling in colon cancer by mutations in beta-catenin or APC. Science, 275, 1787-90. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5307.1787
- Munemetsu S, Albert I, Souza B, et al (1995). Regulation of intracellular ß-catenin levels by the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor-suppressor protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 92, 3046-50. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.7.3046
- Norazalina S, Norhaizan ME, Hairuszah I, et al (2010). Anticarcinogenic efficacy of phytic acid extracted from rice bran on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Exp Toxic Path, 62, 259-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2009.04.002
- Ochiai M, Ushigome M, Fujiwara K, et al (2003). Characterization of dysplastic aberrant crypt foci in the rat colon induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4, 5-b] pyridine. Am J Pathol, 163, 1607-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63517-1
- Ogino S, Kirkner GJ, Nosho K, et al (2008). Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res, 14, 8221-7. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1841
- Oshima T, Ozono R, Yano K, et al (2005). Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in healthy male subjects. J Am Coll Cardiol, 45, 1219-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.01.019
- Polakis P, Hart M, Rubinfeld B (1999). Defects in the regulation of beta-catenin in colorectal cancer. Advan Exp Med Bio, 470, 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4149-3_3
- Phutthaphadoong S, Yamada Y, Hirata A, et al (2010). Chemopreventive effect of fermented brown rice and rice bran (FBRA) on the inflammation-related colorectal carcinogenesis in ApcMin/+ mice. Oncology Reports, 23, 53-9.
- Rubinfeld B, Albert I, Porfiri E et al (1996). Binding of GSK3 beta to the APC-beta-catenin complex and regulation of complex and regulation of complex assembly. Science, 272, 1023-6. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5264.1023
- Shamsuddin AM, Elsayed AM, Ullah A (1988). Suppression of large intestinal cancer in F344 rats by inositol hexaphosphate. Carcinogenesis, 9, 577-80. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/9.4.577
-
Shao H, Sheng R, Aramandla MA, et al (1999). Coordinate regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and TGF-
$\beta$ 1 in replication error-positive colon cancer and azoxymethane-induced rat colonic tumors. Carcinogenesis, 20, 185-91. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/20.2.185 - Sheehan MJ, Farmer PR, Brutnell TP (2004). Structure and expression of maize phytochrome family homeologs. Genetics, 167, 1395-405. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.103.026096
- Singh J, Hamid R, Reddy BS (1997). Dietary fat and colon cancer: modulation of cyclooxygenase-2 by types and amount of dietary fat during the post initiation stage of colon carcinogenesis. Cancer Res, 57, 3465-70.
- Suzuki R, Miyamoto S, Yasui Y, et al (2007). Global gene expression analysis of the mouse colonic mucosa treated with azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate. BMC Cancer, 7, 84. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-7-84
- Takahashi M, Mutoh M, Kawamori T, et al (2000). Altered expression of ß-catenin, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, 21, 1319-27. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/21.7.1319
- Tanaka T, Shimizu M, Kohno H, et al (2001). Chemoprevention of azoxymethane-induced rat aberrant crypt foci by dietary zerumbone isolated from Zingiber zerumbet. Life Sci, 69, 1935-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01277-2
- Tejpar S, Cutsem EV (2002). Molecular and genetic defects in colorectal tumorigenesis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 16, 171-85. https://doi.org/10.1053/bega.2001.0279
- Tetsu O, McCormick F (1999). Beta-catenin regulates expression of cyclin D1 in colon carcinoma cells. Nature, 398, 422-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/18884
- Tuynman JB, Peppelenbosch MP, Richel DJ (2001). COX-2 inhibition as a tool to treat and prevent colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 52, 81-101.
- Ullah A, Shamsuddin AM (1990). Dose-dependent inhibition of large intestinal cancer by inositol hexaphosphate in F344 rats. Carcinogenesis, 11, 2219-22. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/11.12.2219
-
Yost C, Torres M, Huang JR, et al (1996). The axis-inducing activity, stability, and subcellular distribution of
$\beta$ -catenin is regulated in Xenopus embryos by glycogen synthase kinase 3. Genes Dev, 10, 1443-54. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.10.12.1443 - Wang D, DuBois RN (2010). Prostaglandin and cancer. Gut, 55, 115-22.
- Zerkowski MP, Camp RL, Burtness BA, Rimm DL, Chung GG (2007). Quantitative analysis of breast cancer tissue microarrays shows high COX-2 expression is associated with poor outcome. Cancer Invest, 25, 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/07357900601128825
Cited by
- Dietary Non-nutritive Factors in Targeting of Regulatory Molecules in Colorectal Cancer: An Update vol.14, pp.10, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.10.5543
- Rice Brans, Rice Bran Oils, and Rice Hulls: Composition, Food and Industrial Uses, and Bioactivities in Humans, Animals, and Cells vol.61, pp.45, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf403635v
- Prognostic Significance of Beta-Catenin Expression in Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma: a Meta-analysis vol.15, pp.15, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.15.6103
- The -765G>C Polymorphism in the Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene and Digestive System Cancer: a Meta-analysis vol.15, pp.19, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.19.8301
- Rice Bran Phytic Acid Induced Apoptosis Through Regulation of Bcl-2/Bax and p53 Genes in HepG2 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells vol.15, pp.8, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.8.3731
- Radioprotection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-initiated colon cancer in rats using low-dose γ rays by modulating multidrug resistance-1, cytokeratin 20, and β-catenin expression vol.35, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327115584687
- Factors influencing antioxidant compounds in rice vol.57, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2014.922046
- Hypotheses on the Potential of Rice Bran Intake to Prevent Gastrointestinal Cancer through the Modulation of Oxidative Stress vol.18, pp.7, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18071352
- Phytic acid improves intestinal mucosal barrier damage and reduces serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colorectal cancer model vol.120, pp.02, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114518001290
- Phytic Acid Decreases Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Lesions Induced by Fumonisin B1 and Deoxynivalenol in Intestinal Explants of Pigs vol.11, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11010018