Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
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Indoor Exposure and Health Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Public Facilities, Korea

  • Kim, Ho-Hyun (The Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lim, Young-Wook (The Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Jeon, Jun-Min (Department of Civil & Environmental Eng., Suncheon first College) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Hun (The Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Geon-Woo (The Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Woo-Seok (Indoor Air and Noise Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER)) ;
  • Lim, Jung-Yun (Indoor Air and Noise Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER)) ;
  • Shin, Dong-Chun (Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Yang, Ji-Yeon (The Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2013.01.10
  • Accepted : 2013.04.09
  • Published : 2013.06.30
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Abstract

In the study, pollution levels of indoor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in public facilities (vapor phase or particulate phase) were evaluated, and a health risk assessment (HRA) was carried out based on exposure scenarios. Public facilities in Korea covered by the law, including underground subway stations, funeral halls, child care facilities, internet cafes (PC-rooms), and exhibition facilities (6 locations for each type of facility, for a total of 48 locations), were investigated for indoor assessment. For the HRA, individual excess cancer risk (ECR) was estimated by applying main toxic equivalency factor (TEF) values suggested in previous studies. Among the eight public facilities, internet cafes showed the highest average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration at $110.0{\mu}g/m^3$ (range: $83.5-138.5{\mu}g/m^3$). When assuming a risk of facility exposure time based upon the results of the surveys for each public facility, the excess cancer risk using the benzo(a)pyrene indicator assessment method was estimated to be $10^{-7}-10^{-6}$ levels for each facility. Based on the risk associated with various TEF values, the excess cancer risk based upon the seven types cancer EPA (1993) and Malcolm & Dobson's (1994) assessment method was estimated to be $10^{-7}-10^{-5}$ for each facility. The excess cancer risk estimated from the TEF EPA (2010) assessment was the highest: $10^{-7}-10^{-4}$ for each facility. This is due to the 10-fold difference between the TEF of dibenzo(a,e)fluoranthene in 2010 and in 1994. The internet cafes where smoking was the clear pollutant showed the highest risk level of $10^{-4}$, which exceeded the World Health Organization's recommended risk of $1{\times}10^{-6}$. All facilities, with the exception of internet cafes, showed a $10^{-6}$ risk level. However, when the TEFs values of the US EPA (2010) were applied, the risk of most facilities in this study exceeded $1{\times}10^{-6}$.

Keywords

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