Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Dietary Lysine Levels on Apparent Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Amino Acid Absorption Mode in Growing Pigs

  • Zeng, P.L. (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University) ;
  • Yan, H.C. (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University) ;
  • Wang, X.Q. (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University) ;
  • Zhang, C.M. (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University) ;
  • Zhu, C. (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University) ;
  • Shu, G. (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University) ;
  • Jiang, Q.Y. (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University)
  • Received : 2012.10.08
  • Accepted : 2012.12.28
  • Published : 2013.07.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different dietary lysine levels on the apparent nutrient digestibility, the serum amino acid (AA) concentration, and the biochemical parameters of the precaval and portal vein blood in growing pigs. In Experiment 1, 15 noncannulated pigs received diets with different lysine densities (0.65%, 0.95%, and 1.25% lysine) for 13 d. A total collection digestion test was performed, and blood samples were collected from the precaval vein at the end of the experiment. In Experiment 2, four cannulated pigs were fed the same diets of Experiment 1. The experiment used a self-control experimental design and was divided into three periods. On d 5 of each period, at 0.5 h before feeding and hourly up to 8 h after feeding, single blood samples were collected from catheters placed in the portal vein. In Experiment 1, some serum AAs (including lysine), serum urinary nitrogen (SUN), and total protein (TP) concentrations were significantly affected by the dietary lysine levels (p<0.05). Moreover, the 0.65% lysine treatment showed a significant lower apparent digestibility of gross energy, dry matter, crude protein, and phosphorus than the other treatments (p<0.05). In Experiment 2, serum lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, isoleucine (p = 0.0588), triglyceride, and SUN (p = 0.0572) concentrations were significantly affected by the dietary lysine levels (p<0.05). Additionally, almost all of the determined serum AA and total AA concentrations reached their lowest values at 0.5 h before feeding and their highest values at 2 h after feeding (p<0.05). These findings indicate that the greatest absorption of AA occurred at 2 h after feeding and that the dynamic profile of serum AA is affected by the dietary lysine levels. Moreover, when the dietary lysine content was 0.95%, the growing pigs achieved a better nutrient digestibility and serum metabolites levels.

Keywords

References

  1. AOAC. 2002. Official methods of analysis. 17th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia.
  2. Apple, J. K., C. V. Maxwell, D. C. Brown, K. G. Friesen, R. E. Musser, Z. B. Johnson, and T. A. Armstrong. 2004. Effects of dietary lysine and energy density on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs fed ractopamine. J. Anim. Sci. 82:3277-3287.
  3. Baracos, V. 2004. Animal models of amino acid metabolism: a focus on the intestine. J. Nutr. 134:1656S-1659S.
  4. Barea, R., L. Brossard, N. Le Floc'h, Y. Primot, and J. van Milgen. 2009. The standardized ileal digestible isoleucine-to-lysine requirement ratio may be less than fifty percent in eleven-to twenty-three-kilogram piglets1. J. Anim. Sci. 87:4022-4031. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-1964
  5. Broer, S. 2008. Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia. Physiol. Rev. 88:249-286. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00018.2006
  6. Cameron, N. D., E. McCullough, K. Troup, and J. C. Penman. 2003. Serum urea concentration as a predictor of dietary lysine requirement in selected lines of pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 81:91-100.
  7. Cho, W. T., J. H. Kim, I. K. Han, Y. K. Han, K. N. Heo, and J. Odle. 1999. Effects of L-carnitine with different lysine levels on growth and nutrient digestibility in pigs weaned at 21 days of age. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 12:799-805. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1999.799
  8. Clarke, S., and S. Abraham. 1992. Gene expression: nutrient control of pre-and posttranscriptional events. FASEB J. 6: 3146-3152.
  9. Fernandez-Figares, I., M. Lachica, R. Nieto, M.G. Rivera-Ferre, and J. F. Aguilera. 2007. Serum profile of metabolites and hormones in obese (Iberian) and lean (Landrace) growing gilts fed balanced or lysine deficient diets. Livest. Sci. 110:73-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2006.10.002
  10. Goodband, R. D., J. L. Nelssen, R. H. Hines, D. H. Kropf, R. C. Thaler, B. R. Schricker, G. E. Fitzner, and A. J. Lewis. 1990. The effects of porcine somatotropin and dietary lysine on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing swine. J. Anim. Sci. 68:3261-3276.
  11. Harper, A. E. 1986. Enzymatic basis for adaptive changes in amino acid metabolism. In: Proceedings of the XIII International Congress of Nutrition, London, U.K. pp. 409-414.
  12. Henry, Y., Y. Colleaux, and B. Seve. 1992. Effects of dietary level of lysine and of level and source of protein on feed intake, growth performance, and plasma amino acid pattern in the finishing pig. J. Anim. Sci. 70:188-195.
  13. Huang, R. L., Y. L. Yin, T. J. Li, J. P. Gao, and L. H. Tao. 2003. Techniques for implanting a chronic hepatic portal vein transonic flow meter and catheters in the hepatic portal vein, ileal mesenteric vein and carotid artery in swine. Acta Zoonutrimenta Sinica. 15 (Suppl. 1):10-20.
  14. Jin, Y. H., H. K. Oh, L. G. Piao, S. K. Jang, Y. H. Choi, P. S. Heo, Y. D. Jang, and Y. Y. Kim. 2010. Effect of dietary lysine restriction and energy density on performance, nutrient digestibility and meat quality in finishing pigs. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 23:1213-1220. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.90585
  15. Jobgen, W., S. Fried, W. Fu, C. Meininger, and G. Wu. 2006. Regulatory role for the arginine-nitric oxide pathway in metabolism of energy substrates. J. Nutr. Biochem. 17:571-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.12.001
  16. Kamalakar, R. B., L. I. Chiba, K. C. Divakala, S. P. Rodning, E. G. Welles, W. G. Bergen, C. R. Kerth, D. L. Kuhlers, and N. K. Nadarajah. 2009. Effect of the degree and duration of early dietary amino acid restrictions on subsequent and overall pig performance and physical and sensory characteristics of pork. J. Anim. Sci. 87:3596-3606. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1609
  17. Katsumata, M., S. Kawakami, Y. Kaji, R. Takada, and M. J. Dauncey. 2002. Differential regulation of porcine hepatic IGF-I mRNA expression and plasma IGF-I concentration by a low lysine diet. J. Nutr. 132:688-692.
  18. Kim, Y. W., S. L. Ingale, J. S. Kim, K. H. Kim, and B. J. Chae. 2011. Effects of dietary lysine and energy levels on growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients in weanling pigs. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 24:1256-1267. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.11134
  19. Kong, X. F., Y. L. Yin, Q. H. He, F. G. Yin, H. J. Liu, T. J. Li, R. L. Huang, M. M. Geng, Z. Ruan, Z. Y. Deng, M. Y. Xie, and G. Y. Wu. 2009. Dietary supplementation with Chinese herbal powder enhances ileal digestibilities and serum concentrations of amino acids in young pigs. Amino Acids 37:573-582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0176-9
  20. Li, T. J., Q. Z. Dai, Y. L Yin, J. Zhang, R. L. Huang, Z. Ruan, Z. Deng, and M. Xie. 2008. Dietary starch sources affect net portal appearance of amino acids and glucose in growing pigs. Animal 2:723-729.
  21. Loughmiller, J. A., J. L. Nelssen, R. D. Goodband, M. D. Tokach, E. C. Titgemeyer, and I. H. Kim. 1998. Influence of dietary lysine on growth performance and carcass characteristics of late-finishing gilts. J. Anim. Sci. 76:1075-1080.
  22. McNeel, R., and H. Mersmann. 2000. Nutritional deprivation reduces the transcripts for transcription factors and adipocyte-characteristic proteins in porcine adipocytes1. J. Nutr. Biochem. 11:139-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(99)00085-6
  23. Meijer, A. 2003. Amino acids as regulators and components of nonproteinogenic pathways. J. Nutr. 133:2057S-2062S.
  24. NRC. 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine. (10th Ed.). National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
  25. NY. 2004. Feeding standard of swine. Ministry of Agriculture Press, China.
  26. Ren, J. B., G. Y. Zhao, Y. X. Li, and Q. X. Meng. 2007. Influence of dietary lysine level on whole-body protein turnover, plasma IGF-I, GH and insulin concentration in growing pigs. Livest. Sci. 110:126-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2006.10.009
  27. Roy, N., H. Lapierre, and J. Bernier. 2000. Whole-body protein metabolism and plasma profiles of amino acids and hormones in growing barrows fed diets adequate or deficient in lysine. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 80:585-595. https://doi.org/10.4141/A98-057
  28. SAS Institute Inc. 2001. SAS User's Guide: Statistics, Version 8.2. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.
  29. Stoll, B., D. Burrin, J. Henry, H. Yu, F. Jahoor, and P. Reeds. 1998a. Dietary amino acids are the preferential source of hepatic protein synthesis in piglets. J. Nutr. 128:1517-1524.
  30. Stoll, B., J. Henry, P. Reeds, H. Yu, F. Jahoor, and D. Burrin. 1998b. Catabolism dominates the first-pass intestinal metabolism of dietary essential amino acids in milk protein-fed piglets. J. Nutr. 128:606-614.
  31. Takenaka, A., N. Oki, S.-I. Takahashi, and T. Noguchi. 2000. Dietary restriction of single essential amino acids reduces plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) but does not affect plasma IGF-binding protein-1 in rats. J. Nutr. 130:2910-2914.
  32. Wang, X. Q., P. L. Zeng, Y. Feng, C. M. Zhang, J. P. Yang, G. Shu, and Q. Y. Jiang. 2012. Effects of dietary lysine levels on apparent nutrient digestibility and cationic amino acid transporter mRNA abundance in the small intestine of finishing pigs, Sus scrofa. Anim. Sci. J. 83:148-155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-0929.2011.00941.x
  33. Wu, G. Y. 2009. Amino acids: metabolism, functions, and nutrition. Amino Acids 37:1-17.
  34. Wu, G. Y. 2010. Recent advances in swine amino acid nutrition. J. Anim. Sci. Biotech. 1:118-130.
  35. Yang, Y., Z. Jin, S. Yoon, J. Choi, P. Shinde, and X. Piao. 2008. Lysine restriction during grower phase on growth performance, blood metabolites, carcass traits and pork quality in grower finisher pigs. Acta Agric Scand. A-Anim. Sci. 58:14-22.
  36. Yen, J. T., J. Klindt, B. J. Kerr, and F. C. Buonomo. 2005. Lysine requirement of finishing pigs administered porcine somatotropin by sustained-release implant. J. Anim. Sci. 83: 2789-2797.
  37. Zhang, H., D. Li, S. Qiao, F. Wang, X. Chen, and P. Thacker. 2006. The effect of dietary homoarginine derived from guanidination of synthetic lysine on endogenous amino acid loss and apparent and true ileal amino acid digestibility in the pig. Anim. Sci. 82:23-30.

Cited by

  1. Effects of dietary lysine levels on plasma free amino acid profile in late-stage finishing pigs vol.5, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2463-3
  2. Effects of dietary lysine levels on the concentrations of selected nutrient metabolites in blood plasma of late-stage finishing pigs pp.09312439, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12714
  3. Effects of dietary methionine deficiency followed by replenishment on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs vol.59, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1071/AN16643
  4. Evaluation of standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement for 8–20 kg pigs fed low crude protein diets vol.90, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13142
  5. mTORC1 Mediates Lysine-Induced Satellite Cell Activation to Promote Skeletal Muscle Growth vol.8, pp.12, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8121549
  6. Dietary lysine affects amino acid metabolism and growth performance, which may not involve the GH/IGF-1 axis, in young growing pigs1 vol.98, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa004
  7. mTORC1-Mediated Satellite Cell Differentiation Is Required for Lysine-Induced Skeletal Muscle Growth vol.68, pp.17, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01275