Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue (한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제)

Korean Psychological Association of Culture and Social Issues (한국문화및사회문제심리학회)
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Explaining Variance in Children's Recall of a Stressful Experience: Influence of Cognitive and Emotional Individual Differences

스트레스적 경험에 대한 아동 기억의 신뢰성과 인지 및 정서적 개인차 특성들과의 관계

  • Seungjin Lee (Institute of Psychological Science Seoul National University)
  • 이승진 (서울대학교 심리과학연구소)
  • Received : 2013.02.15
  • Accepted : 2013.08.26
  • Published : 2013.08.31
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Abstract

This study examined the effects of various individual differences on children's memory of a stressful experience. The participants for the current study were children (N=85) aged 4-9 years those who experienced a naturally occurring stressful experience from a dental procedure. There was overall negative relation between the level of stress and children's memory performance. However, more interestingly, the results of this study provided some further evidence that several cognitive (i.e., receptive language ability and working memory capacity) and emotional (i.e., children's general anxiety condition, children's self-report of pain and anxiety about the event) individual difference factors were associated with variations in children's remembering across ages. The results suggest that the relation between stress and children's memory might be impacted in part by children's various individual characteristics. Furthermore, the findings are discussed in the applied context that based on the results clinical and legal professionals can tailor interviews to best meet children's needs and capabilities, and create developmentally and individually sensitive guidelines for interviewing children in the legal system.

본 연구는 자연스럽게 스트레스 반응이 유발되는 치과 진료를 경험한 4-9세 아동 85명을 대상으로 스트레스적 사건에 대한 아동의 회상에 아동의 인지 및 사회 정서적 개인차 변인들이 어떤 영향을 미칠 수 있는 가를 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 스트레스 수준과 아동의 기억 수행은 전반적으로 부적 상관 관계가 있는 것으로 나타나 국외 선행 연구들의 결과를 반복 검증하였다. 그러나 보다 흥미로운 결과는 스트레스적 경험에 대한 아동 회상보고의 정확성에 아동의 인지적(예: 수용적 언어 능력, 작업 기억 역량) 개인차 특성과 정서적(예: 평소 아동의 우울 및 불안 상태, 정보 부호화 시 아동의 불안 정도) 개인차 특성들이 유의한 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 점이다. 이와 같은 결과는 치명적인 범죄 사건과 관련하여 아동의 회상 보고를 해석할 경우 아동의 인지 및 정서적 개인차 특성들도 신중하게 고려되어야 함을 함의한다. 궁극적으로 본 연구는 다양한 개인차에 따른 아동의 기억 특성에 대한 심화된 지식을 규명하고 실제 수사 면담 시 아동의 개별적 특성을 고려한 면담 방식의 구축에 유용한 정보를 제공하는 데 그 의의를 두고자 한다.

Keywords

References

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