Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society (한국지반환경공학회 논문집)

Korean Geo-Environmental Society (한국지반환경공학회)
권호 표지

Geochemical Characteristics of Groundwater during the Constant and Step-drawdown Pumping Tests at the River Bank Filtration Site

장기 및 단계 양수시험 시 강변여과 지하수의 수질변화 특성

  • Published : 2013.08.01
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In-situ test to find the change of $Fe^{2+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$ concentrations and ion contents in groundwater was conducted during two pumping tests at the riverbank filtration site, where is the riverine area of the Nakdong River in Changnyeong-Gun. Groundwater was sampled at one pumping well and 10 monitoring wells during a 5 steps drawdown pumping test with the rates from $500m^3/day$ to $900m^3/day$ and a constant pumping test with $800m^3/day$. The change in ion concentration of groundwater was more remarkable during a step drawdown pumping test than a constant pumping test. Especially, the decrease in $Fe^{2+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$ concentrations was distinct in a step drawdown pumping test and it happens predominantly along the direction that the radius of pumping influence was small due to a good aquifer connectivity to a pumping position. The precipitation and the oxidation of iron and manganese were caused by an air inflow and a disturbance in groundwater flow due to an abrupt change in pumping rate. The pumping rate and spatial distribution of an aquifer around a pumping well need to be considered as an important factor for the development of in-situ iron and manganese treatment technology.

창녕군 낙동강변의 강변여과 예정 지점에서 양수시험 동안에 발생하는 지하수 내 철과 망간을 포함한 다양한 수질항목 변화를 파악하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 5단계의 단계양수시험($500m^3/day{\sim}900m^3/day$) 및 26시간의 장기 양수시험($800m^3/day$) 동안에 양수정과 10개의 관측정에서 지하수 시료를 채취하였다. 장기 양수시험보다는 단계양수시험 기간 동안에 이온 농도의 변화가 뚜렷하였다. 특히, 단계양수시험 동안의 철과 망간 농도의 감소는 양수지점과 대수층의 연결성이 좋아 영향반경이 작은 방향을 따라 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 양수량의 급변에 따라 지하수 흐름에 교란이 발생하고 공기 접촉 등을 통하여 용존 철과 망간의 침전 산화가 촉진되는 것으로 평가되었다. 향후 지하수 내 철과 망간 저감을 위한 효율적인 지중처리 기술 개발을 위해서는 양수정의 운영 방법, 대수층의 공간적 분포 등이 중요한 요인으로 고려되어야 한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Appelo, C. A. J., Drijver, B., Hekkenberg, R. and de Jonge, M.(1999), Modeling in situ iron removal from groundwater, Ground Water, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 811-817. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb01179.x
  2. Chae, G. T.(2002), Geostatistical, hydrogeochemical, and environmental isotopic studies of alluvial groundwaters in the Buyeo and Osong area in the Geum River watershed, Korea: emphasis on geochemistry of nitrate, Ph D. dissertation, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, pp. 1-153 (in Korean).
  3. Choi, B. K., Koh, D. C., Ha, K. and Cheon, S. H.(2007), Effect of redox processes and solubility equilibria on the behavior of dissolved iron and manganese in groundwater from a riverine alluvial aquifer, Economic and Environmental Geology, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 29-45 (in Korean).
  4. Ervin, A. L. and Bauldin, L.(1993), High rate filtration pilot testing for iron removal, Presentation for AWWA Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, pp. 1-15.
  5. Faure, G.(1991), Principles and application of inorganic geochemistry, Macmillan College Pub. Co., New York, pp. 1-626.
  6. Filtronics(1993), Iron and manganese filtration systems: A technical discussion, Anaheim, CA, pp. 1-13.
  7. Halem, V. D., Moed, H. D., Verberk, J. Q. J. C., Amy, G. L. and van Dijk, J. C.(2011), Cation exchange during subsurface iron removal, Water Research, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 307-315.
  8. Hallberg, R. O. and Martinell, R.(1976), Vyredox - in situ purification of ground water, Ground Water, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 88-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1976.tb03638.x
  9. Hult, A.(1973), Filtration of iron during and after oxidation, Effluent Water Treatment Journal, April, pp. 209-215.
  10. Kim, B. W. and Kim, G. B.(2009), Effect of a monitoring well design on estimated hydraulic parameters in pumping test for unconsolidated sediments, Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, Vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 787-797 (in Korean).
  11. Kim, G. B., Kim, B. W. and Kim, S. Y.(2010), Improvement of well efficiency through well development in a pumping well, Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 39-49 (in Korean).
  12. Kim, G. B., Kim B. W., Shin S. H. and Park J. H.(2009), Iron and manganese removal through well development at river bank filtration site, The Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 385-396 (in Korean).
  13. Kim, N. J. and Lee, K. H.(1964), Korea geologic map - Yeongsan area (1:50,000), Korean Geological Survey, Seoul, pp. 3-17 (in Korean).
  14. Lee, M. J., Park, J. H. and Kim, G. B.(2012), In situ iron-manganese removal by the oxygenized water injection at the river bank filtration site, Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 503-519 (in Korean).
  15. Mettler, S., Abdelmoula, M., Hoehn, E., Schoenenberger, R., Weidler, P. and von Gunten, U.(2001), Characterization of iron and manganese precipitates from an in situ ground water treatment plant, Ground Water, Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 921-930. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02480.x
  16. Sharma, S. K., Kappelhof, J., Groenendijk, M. and Schippers, J. C.(2001), Comparison of physicochemical iron removal mechanisms in filters, Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - Aqua, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 187-198.
  17. Stumm, W. and Lee, G. F.(1961), Oxygenation of ferrous iron, Industiral Engineering and Chemistry, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 143-146. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50614a030
  18. Stumm, W. and Morgan, J. J.(1996), Aquatic chemistry, New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc., pp. 349-515.
  19. Sung, W. and Morgan, J. J.(1980), Kinetics and products of ferrous iron oxygenation in aquatic systems, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 561-568. https://doi.org/10.1021/es60165a006
  20. Teutsch, N., Gunten, U. V., Porcelli, D., Cirpka, O. A. and Halliday, A. N.(2005), Adsorption as a cause for iron isotope fractionation in reduced groundwater, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 69, No. 17, pp. 4175-4185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.04.007