Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회지)

Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Responses of Tree Growth and Fruit Production of Persimmon after Lowering Height by Heavy Pruning to Fertilization Rates

강전정에 의한 저수고 감나무의 시비량 조절에 따른 수체 생장 및 과실 생장 반응

  • Choi, Seong-Tae (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Park, Doo-Sang (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • An, Gwang-Hwan (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Kim, Sung-Chul (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Choi, Tae-Min (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Rho, Chi-Woong (Rearch and Development Bureau, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services)
  • 최성태 (경상남도농업기술원 단감연구소) ;
  • 박두상 (경상남도농업기술원 단감연구소) ;
  • 안광환 (경상남도농업기술원 단감연구소) ;
  • 김성철 (경상남도농업기술원 단감연구소) ;
  • 최태민 (경상남도농업기술원 단감연구소) ;
  • 노치웅 (경상남도농업기술원 시험연구국)
  • Received : 2013.02.22
  • Accepted : 2013.04.04
  • Published : 2013.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Lowering tree height has been a key practice for efficient management of persimmon orchards. This experiment was conducted to assess whether fertilization rates could be reduced after lowering the tree height by heavy pruning. Twelve-year-old 'Uenishiwase' persimmon trees were lowered to 2 m from over 3 m by severe dormant pruning, and then conventional fertilization rate was applied to some trees in April (N 224 g, $P_2O_5$ 172 g, and $K_2O$ 172 g per tree), June (N 112 g and $K_2O$ 99 g per tree), and October (N 112 g and $K_2O$ 99 g per tree). At the same time, 1/3 or 2/3 of the conventional rate and none were applied to other trees, respectively. Non-application decreased shoot length and reduced number of unnecessary secondary shoots by 39% compared with the conventional rate, not affecting yield and weight, color, firmness, and soluble solids of fruits. No significant difference was also found in the yield and the fruit characteristics among the trees fertilized with different rates. Concentrations of soluble sugars, starch, N, and K of dormant shoots in March of the following year were not significantly changed by the different treatments of the previous year. There was no significant difference of shoot growth and yield among the treatments the following year when the same fertilization rate was supplied to all the trees. Results indicated that fertilization rate could be reduced to less than 1/3 of conventional rate to save the cost and stabilize shoot vigor when tree height is lowered by severe pruning.

노동력 절감을 위해 감나무의 수고 낮추기가 일반화되고 있지만 수고를 심하게 낮춘 해에는 나무 세력이 강해져 과원 관리가 어려워지는 것이 문제가 되고 있다. 본 시험은 동계전정 때에 강전정을 하여 3 m 이상의 수고를 약 2 m로 낮춘 12년생 '상서조생' 단감나무를 대상으로 수세 안정을 위한 시비량 조절 효과를 검토하였다. 관행 시비량을 기초로 4월 기비 (주당 N 224 g, $P_2O_5$ 172 g, $K_2O$ 172 g), 6월 추비(주당 N 112 g, $K_2O$ 99 g), 10월 추비 (주당 N 112 g, $K_2O$ 99 g)를 시용하는 관행시비구와 각 시기마다 관행시비구의 1/3, 2/3씩 주는 시비구 및 무시비구 등 4처리구를 두었다. 처리 당년에 무시비구는 관행시비구에 비해 신초장이 작고 불필요한 2차생장지 발생이 39% 줄었으나 수량과 과실 크기, 색도, 경도, 당도는 감소하지 않았다. 또한 시비구들간의 신초 및 과실의 반응에도 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이듬해 3월에 채취한 휴면 가지의 가용성 당, 전분, 질소, 칼륨농도는 전년도 시비량에 따른 차이가 명확하지 않았다. 시비량이 동일했던 이듬해 신초장, 도장지 및 2차 생장지 발생, 수량 및 과실 특성은 전년도 시비량에 따른 차이가 없었다. 그러므로 수세 관리 및 시비 비용 절감 측면에서 강전정에 의한 수고 낮추기 당년에는 시비량을 관행의 1/3 이하로 줄여도 될 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Cheng. L. and L.H. Fuchigami. 2002. Growth of young apple trees in relation to reserve nitrogen and carbohydrates. Tree Physiol. 22:1297-1303. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/22.18.1297
  2. Choi, S.T., S.M. Kang, D.S. Park, Y.W. Yoon, and G.H. Ahn. 2005. Tree responses of 'Fuyu' persimmon to different degrees of early defoliation on fruit characteristics at harvest and tree development the next season. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 46:136-139.
  3. Choi, S.T., H.K. Kim, S.C. Kim, T.M. Choi, S.M. Kang, and Y.M. Park. 2006. Responses of 'Fuyu' persimmon tree to renovating modified-leader to open-center and Y form. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 24:376-381.
  4. Choi, S.T., J.H. Choi, Y.C. Cho, H.Y. Shin, and S.M. Kang. 2009. Changes in tree growth and yield of 'Fuyu' persimmon by tree ages. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 27:386-390.
  5. Choi, S.T., D.S. Hong, K.P. Park, and S.M. Kang. 2011a. Summer pruning effect on tree growth and fruit production of persimmon. Adv. Hort. Sci. 25:164-169.
  6. Choi, S.T., D.S. Park, S.M. Kang, and S.J. Park. 2011b. Use of a chlorophyll meter to diagnose nitrogen status of 'Fuyu' persimmon leaves. HortScience 46:821-824.
  7. Choi, S.T., D.S.. Park, S.M. Kang, and S.K. Kang. 2012. Influence of leaf-fruit ratio and nitrogen rate on fruit characteristics, nitrogenous compounds, and nonstructural carbohydrates in young persimmon trees. HortScience 47: 410-413.
  8. Forshey, C.G. and D.C. Elfving. 1989. The relationship between vegetative growth and fruiting in apple trees. Hort. Rev. 11:229-287.
  9. Forshey, C.G., D.C. Elfving, and R.L. Stebbins. 1992. Training and pruning apple and pear trees. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. Press, Alexandria, VA, USA.
  10. Kim, J.K., H.C. Lee, and I.K. Yoon. 2002. Technology of tree nutritional diagnosis for the improvement of fruit quality. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 20:259-263.
  11. Kim, Y.K., C.S. Lim, S.M. Kang, and J.L. Cho. 2009. Root storage of nitrogen applied in autumn and its remobilization to new growth in spring of persimmon trees (Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu). Sci. Hort. 119:193-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2008.07.013
  12. Lenz, F. 1989. Effect of training on growth, yield, water consumption and nutrient uptake of densely planted apple trees. Acta Hort. 243:195-207.
  13. McCready, R.M., J. Guggolz, V. Silviera, and H.S. Owens, 1950. Determination of starch and amylose in vegetables. Anal. Chem. 22:1156-1158. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60045a016
  14. Mika, A. 1986. Physiological responses of fruit trees to pruning. Hort. Rev. 8:337-378.
  15. NIAST (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology). 1999. Fertilizer application recommendation for crops. NIAST, RDA, Suwon, Korea. p. 113.
  16. NIAST (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology). 2000. Analytical methods of soil and plant. NIAST, RDA, Suwon, Korea.
  17. Oliveira, C.M. and A. Priestley, 1988. Carbohydrate reserves in deciduous fruit trees. Hort. Rev. 10:403-430.
  18. Park, D.S., S.M. Kang, S.T. Choi, C.A. Lim, and W.D. Song. 2003. Effect of secondary-shoot prunings on fruit growth and following year's fruit set of 'Fuyu' persimmon. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 44:678-682.
  19. RDA (Rural Development Administration). 2001. Standard agricultural manual - persimmon growing. RDA, Suwon, Korea.
  20. Robinson, J.B.D. 1980. Soil and tissue analysis in predicting nutrient needs. Acta Hort. 92:355-364.
  21. Titus, J.S. and S.M. Kang. 1982. Nitrogen metabolism, translocation and recycling in apple trees. Hort. Rev. 4:204-246.

Cited by

  1. Effect of Weather Conditions on Fruit Characteristics and Yield of 'Sangjudungsi' Persimmon Cultivar in Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do vol.17, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2015.17.4.340