DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A review of zinc oxide photoanode films for dye-sensitized solar cells based on zinc oxide nanostructures

  • Tyona, M.D. (Department of Physics, Benue State University) ;
  • Osuji, R.U. (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria) ;
  • Ezema, F.I. (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria)
  • 투고 : 2012.08.04
  • 심사 : 2013.04.03
  • 발행 : 2013.03.25

초록

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a unique semiconductor material that exhibits numerous useful properties for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and other applications. Various thin-film growth techniques have been used to produce nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes, nanotips, nanosheets, nanobelts and terapods of ZnO. These unique nanostructures unambiguously demonstrate that ZnO probably has the richest family of nanostructures among all materials, both in structures and in properties. The nanostructures could have novel applications in solar cells, optoelectronics, sensors, transducers and biomedical sciences. This article reviews the various nanostructures of ZnO grown by various techniques and their application in DSSCs. The application of ZnO nanowires, nanorods in DSSCs became outstanding, providing a direct pathway to the anode for photo-generated electrons thereby suppressing carrier recombination. This is a novel characteristic which increases the efficiency of ZnO based dye-sensitized solar cells.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Akhtar, M.S., Khan, M.A., Jeon, M.S. and Yang, O.B. (2008), "Controlled synthesis of various ZnO nanostructured materials", Electrochim. Acta, 53, 7869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2008.05.055
  2. American Chemical Society (ACS) (2006), "Ultrathin, Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Called Most Efficient To Date", Science Daily.
  3. Baruah, S. and Dutta, J. (2009), "Hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanostructures", Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 10, 013001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1468-6996/10/1/013001
  4. Baxter, J.B. and Aydil, E.S. (2005), "Nanowire-based dye-sensitized solar cells", Applied Physics Letters, 86, 053114. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1861510
  5. Benkstein, K.D., Kopidakis, N., Lagemaat, J.V. and Frank, A.J. (2003), "Influence of the percolation network geometry on electron transport in dye-sensitized titanium dioxide solar cells", J. of Physical Chem. B., 107(31), 7759-7767. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp022681l
  6. Brian, O.R. and Michael, G. (1991), "A low-cost, high-efficiency solar-cell based on dye sensitized colloidal TiO2 films", Nature, 353, 737-740. https://doi.org/10.1038/353737a0
  7. Chao, H.Y., Cheng, J.H., Lu, J.Y., Chang, Y.H., Cheng, C.L. and Chen, Y.F. (2010), "Growth and characterization of type-II ZnO/ZnTe core-shell nanowire arrays for solar cell applications", Superlattices and Microstructures, 47(1), 160-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2009.07.005
  8. Charoensirithavorn, P. and Yoshikawa, S. (2006), "Dye-sensitized solar cell based on ZnO nanorod arrays", Sustainable Energy and Environment, B-024(O).
  9. Chen, H.H., Du Pasquier, A., Saraf, G., Zhong, J. and Lu, Y. (2008), "Dye-sensitized solar cells using ZnO nanotips and Ga-Doped ZnO", Semicond. Sci. Technol., 23, 045004. https://doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/23/4/045004
  10. Du Pasquier, A., Chen, H.H. and Lu, Y.C. (2006), "Dye-sensitized solar cells using well- aligned Zinc Oxide nanotip arrays", Appl. Phy. Lett., 89, 253513. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2420779
  11. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, http://lpi.epfl.ch/solarcellE.html, 2 February, 1999. Retrieved 13 January, 2012.
  12. Fang, Y., Pang, Q., Wen, X., Wang, J. and Yang, S. (2006), "Synthesis of ultrathin ZnO nanofibers aligned on a Zinc substrate", Small., 2(5), 612-615. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200500379
  13. Gao, F., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Shi, D., Wang, M., Humphry-Baker, R., Wang, P., Zakeeruddin, S.M. and Gratzel, M. (2008), "A new heteroleptic ruthenium sensitizer enhances the absorptivity of mesoporous titania film for a high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cell", Chemical Communications, 23, 2635.
  14. Gao, X. D., Li, X.M., Yu, W.D., Qiu, J.J. and Gan, X.Y. (2007), "Preparation of nanoporous TiO2 thick film and its photoelectrochemical properties sensitized by Merbromin", J. Inorg. Mat., 22(6), 1079-1085.
  15. Gao, X., Wang, C., Gan, X. and Li, X. (2011), "Ordered semiconductor photoanode films for dye-sensitized solar cells based on Zinc Oxide-Titanium Oxide hybrid nanostructures", Institute of Ceramics, P.R. China.
  16. Gerischer, H., Michel-BeyerleM., Rebentrost, E. and Tributsch, H. (1968), "Sensitization of charge-injection into semiconductors with large band gap", Electrochim. Acta, 13, 1509-1515. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(68)80076-3
  17. Gratzel, M. (2008), "A new heteroleptic ruthenium sensitizer enhances the absorptivity of mesoporous titania film for a high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cell", Chemical Communications, 23, 2635-7.
  18. Jennings, J.R., Ghicov, A., Peter, L.M., Schmuki, P. and Walker, A.B. (2008), "Dye-sensitized solar cells based on oriented $TiO_2$ nanotube array: transport, trapping and transfer electrons", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 13364. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja804852z
  19. Kang, S.H., Choi, S.H., Kang, M.S., Kim, J.Y., Kim, H.S., Hyeon, T. and Sung, Y.E. (2008), "Nanorod-based dye-sensitized solar cells with improved charge collection efficiency", Adv. Mater, 20(1), 54-58. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200701819
  20. Lai, M.H., Lee, M.W., Wang, G. and Tai, M.F. (2011), "Photovoltaic performance of new- structure ZnO-nanorod dye-sensitized solar cells", Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 6, 2122-2130.
  21. Law, M., Greene, L.E., Johnson, J.C., Saykally, R. and Yang, P. (2005), "Nanowire dyesensitized solar cells", Nature Materials., 4(6), 455-459. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1387
  22. Li, Q.C., Kumar, V., Li, Y., Zhang, H.T., Marks, T.J. and Chang, R.P.H. (2005), "Fabrication of ZnO nanorods and nanotubes in aqueous solutions", Chem. Mater., 17, 1001. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm048144q
  23. Lin, J., Penchev, M., Wang, G., Paul, R.K., Zhong, J., Jing, X., Ozkan, M. and Ozkan, C.S. (2010), "Heterogeneous graphene nanostructures: ZnO nanostructures grown on large-area graphene layers", Small., 6(21), 2448-2452. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201000250
  24. Lu, C., Qi, L., Yang, J., Tang, L., Zhang, D. and Ma, J. (2006), "Hydrothermal growth of largescale micropatterned arrays of ultralong ZnO nanowires and nanobelts on zinc substrate", Chemical Communications, 42(33), 3551-3553.
  25. Matsumura, M., Matsudaira, S., Tsubomura, H., Takata, M. and Yanagida, H. (1980), "Dye sensitization and surface structures of semiconductor electrodes", Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 19(3), 415-421. https://doi.org/10.1021/i360075a025
  26. Michael, B. (2006), "Nanowires could lead to improved solar cells", Newswire Today.
  27. Michael, G. (2000), "Perspectives for dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells", Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 8(1), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-159X(200001/02)8:1<27::AID-PIP296>3.0.CO;2-8
  28. Nakamura, Y. (2006), "Solution-growth of Zinc Oxide nanowires for dye-sensitized solar cells", NNIN REU 2006 Research Accomplishments, 74.
  29. Nattestad, A., Mozer, A.J., Fischer, M.K., Cheng, Y.B., Mishra, A., Bauerle, P. and Bach, U. (2010), "Highly efficient photocathodes for dye-sensitized tandem solar cells", Nature Materials, 9(1), 31-5. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2588
  30. Nazeeruddin, M.K., Pechy, P., Renouard, T., Zakeeruddin, S.M., Humphry-Baker, R., Comte, P., Liska, P., Cevey, L., Costa, E., Shklover, V., Spiccia, L., Deacon, G.B., Bignozzi, C.A. and Gratzel, J. (2001), "Engineering of efficiency panchromatic sensitizers for nanocrystalline TiO2-based solar cells", Am. Chem. Soc., 123, 1613. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja003299u
  31. O'Regan, B. and Gratzel, M. (1991), "A low-cost high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal $TiO_2$ films", Nature, 353(6346), 737-740. https://doi.org/10.1038/353737a0
  32. Peng, Q. and Qin, Y. (2011), "ZnO nanowires and their application for solar cells", Nanchang, 330063 China.
  33. Suliman, A.E., Tang, Y.W. and Xu, L. (2007), "Preparation of ZnO nanoparticles and nanosheets and their application to dye-sensitized solar cells", Sol. Energ. Mat. Sc., 91, 1658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2007.05.014
  34. Tributsch, H. and Calvin, M. (1971), "Electrochemistry of excited molecules: photoelectrochemical reactions of chlorophylls", Photochem. Photobiol. 14, 95-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1971.tb06156.x
  35. Tributsch, H. (1972), "Reaction of excited chorophyll molecules at electrodes and in photosynthesis", Photochem. Photobiol., 16, 261-269.
  36. Tubtimtae, A. and Lee, M. (2012), "ZnO nanorods on undoped and indium-doped ZnO thin films as a TCO layer on nonconductive glass for dye-sensitized solar cells", Superlattices and Microstructures, 52(5). 987-996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2012.08.002
  37. Yang, W., Wan, F., Chen, S. and Jiang, C. (2009), "Hydrothermal growth and application of ZnO nanowire films with ZnO and $TiO_2$ buffer layers in dye-sensitized solar cells", Nanoscale Res Lett., 4, 1486-1492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11671-009-9425-4
  38. Zhang, Q., Dandeneau, C.S., Zhou, X. and Cao, G. (2009), "ZnO nanostructures for dye-sensitized solar cells", Adv. Mater., 21, 4087-4108. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200803827

피인용 문헌

  1. Morphology dependent thermal conductivity of ZnO nanostructures prepared via a green approach vol.695, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.10.196
  2. A theoretical and experimental investigation of Eu-doped ZnO nanorods and its application on dye sensitized solar cells vol.739, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.12.262
  3. SrZnO nanostructures grown on templated <0001> Al2O3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition vol.7, pp.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4996812
  4. Optical study and ruthenizer (II) N3 dye-sensitized solar cell application of ZnO nanorod-arrays synthesized by combine two-step process vol.119, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0030400X15100197
  5. Morphology dependent change in photovoltage generation using dye-Cu doped ZnO nanoparticle mixed system vol.89, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.05.127
  6. Effect of electrolytic media on the photophysical properties and photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by simple electrochemical method vol.232, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2017.02.074
  7. A quasi solid state dye sensitized solar cell based on gelatin/multiwalled carbon nanotube gel electrolyte and ZnO nanorod photoanode vol.27, pp.8, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-4777-x
  8. Dye-sensitized solar cells based on Al-doped ZnO photoelectrodes sensitized with rhodamine vol.220, pp.None, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.03.040
  9. Synthesis, characterization, and application of transition metals (Ni, Zr, and Fe) doped TiO2 photoelectrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells vol.299, pp.None, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112177
  10. Cytotoxicity and cell death induced by engineered nanostructures (quantum dots and nanoparticles) in human cell lines vol.25, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-020-01764-5
  11. Well-aligned ZnO nanorod array covered with ruthenium layers for alternative counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells vol.550, pp.None, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.149273