References
- Sanders LJ, Fryberg RG. The Charcot foot. In: Bowker JH, Pfeifer MA, eds. Levin and O'Neal's the diabetic foot, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier; 2007. 257-83.
- Pinzur MS. Current concepts review: Charcot arthropathy of the foot and ankle. Foot Ankle Int. 2007;28:952-9. https://doi.org/10.3113/FAI.2007.0952
- Klenerman L. The Charcot joint in diabetes. Diabet Med. 1996;13 Suppl 1:524.
- Bowker JH, Pfeifer MA. Levin and O'Neal's the Diabetic Foot, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier 2008.
- Dalla PL, Volpe A, Varotto D, et al. Use of a retrograde nail for ankle arthrodesis in Charcot neuroarthropathy: a limb salvage procedure. Foot Ankle Int. 2007;28:967-70. https://doi.org/10.3113/FAI.2007.0967
- Nielson DL, Armstrong DG. The natural history of Charcot's neuroarthropathy. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2008; 25:53-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpm.2007.10.004
- Perrin BM, Gardner MJ, Suhaimi A, Murphy D. Charcotosteoarthropathy of the foot. Aust Fam Physician. 2010;39:117-9.
- van der Ven A, Chapman CB, Bowker JH. Charcot neuroarthropathy of the foot and ankle. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2009;17:562-71. https://doi.org/10.5435/00124635-200909000-00003
- Baumhauer JF, O'Keefe R, Schon L, Pinzur MS. Cytokine induced osteoclastic bone resorption in Charcot arthropathy: an immunohistochemical study. Foot Ankle Int. 2006;27:797-800 https://doi.org/10.1177/107110070602701007
- Molines L, Darmon P, Raccah D. Charcot's foot: Newest findings on its pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Diabetes & Metabolism. 2010;36:251-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2010.04.002
- Varam AK. Charcot Neuroarthropathy of the Foot and Ankle: A Review. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2013;52:740-9. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2013.07.001
- Schon LC, Easley ME, Seinfeld SB. Charcot neu roarthropathy of the foot and ankle. Clin Orthop. 1998;349: 116-31. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199804000-00015
- Brodsky JW. The diabetic foot, in Coughlin MJ, Mann RA, Saltzman CL, eds: Surgery of the Foot and Ankle, 8th ed .St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2006. 1281-368.
- Rogers LC, Bevilacqua NJ. The diagnosis of Charcot foot. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2008;25:43-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpm.2007.10.006
- Richardson DR. Amputation of the foot. In: Canale ST and Beaty JH eds. Campbell's operative orthpaedics. 11th ed, Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier; 2008. 579-98.
- Alexander van der Ven, MBACary B. Chapman, John HB. Charcot Neuroarthropathy of the Foot and Ankle. AAOS 2009.
- Hofbauer LC, Hamann C, Ebeling PR. Approach to the patient with secondary osteoporosis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010:162:1009-20. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-10-0015
- Guven MF, Karabiber A, Kaynak G, Ogut T. Conservative and surgical treatment of the chronic Charcot foot and ankle. Diabet Foot Ankle. 2013
- Wukich DK, SungW. Charcot arthropathy of the foot and ankle: modern concepts and management review. J Diabetes Complications. 2009;23:409-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004
- Ulbrecht JS, Wukich DK. The Charcot foot: medical and surgical therapy. Curr Diabetes Rep. 2008; 8:444-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-008-0077-z
- Bern R, Jirkovska A, Fejfarova V, Skibova J, Jude EB. Intranasal calcitonin in the treatment of acute Charcot neuroosteoarthropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1392-4. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc06-0376
- Rogers MJ. New insights into the molecular mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates. Curr Pharm Des. 2003;9:2643-58. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612033453640
- Grant WP, Jerlin EA, Pietrzak WS, Tam HS. The Utilization of autologous growth factors for the facilitation of fusion in complex neuropathic fractures in the diabetic population. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2005;22:561-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpm.2005.07.003
- Coughlin MJ, Smith BW, Traughber P. The evaluation of the healing rate of subtalar arthrodeses, part 2: the effect of low-intensity ultrasound stimulation. Foot Ankle Int. 2008; 29:970-7. https://doi.org/10.3113/FAI.2008.0970
- Wukich DK, Sung WJ. Charcot arthropathy of the foot and ankle: modern concepts and management review. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. 2009;23:409-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2008.09.004
- Monroe MT, Beals TC, Manoli A 2nd. Clinical outcome of arthrodesis of the ankle using rigid internal fixation with cancellous screws. Foot Ankle Int. 1999;20:227-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/107110079902000404
- Lowery NJ, Woods JB, Armstrong DG, Wukich DK. Surgical management of Charcot neuroarthropathy - a systematic review. Foot Ankle Int. 2012;2:33-5.
- Zarutsky E, Rush SM, Schuberth JM. The use of circuler wire external fixation in the treatment of salvage ankle arthrodesis. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2005;44:22-31. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2004.11.004
- Bibbo C, Lin SS, Beam HA,Behrens FF. Complications of ankle fractures in diabetic patients. Orthop Clin North Am. 2001;32:113-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70198-X