생명과학회지 (Journal of Life Science)

  • 제23권3호
  • /
  • Pages.432-442
  • /
  • 2013
  • /
  • 1225-9918(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2287-3406(eISSN)
한국생명과학회 (Korean Society of Life Science)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

생마늘 및 흑마늘 추출분말이 Streptozotocin 유발 당뇨 흰쥐의 혈청 및 장기 내 주요성분에 미치는 영향

The Effect of Extract Powder from Fresh and Black Garlic on Main Components in Serum and Organs of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

  • 강민정 ((재)남해마늘연구소) ;
  • 이수정 (경상대학교 식품영양학과.농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 성낙주 (경상대학교 식품영양학과.농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 신정혜 ((재)남해마늘연구소)
  • Kang, Min-Jung (Namhae Garlic Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Soo Jung (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Institute of agriculture and life Science, Gyeongsang Nutional University) ;
  • Sung, Nak Ju (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Institute of agriculture and life Science, Gyeongsang Nutional University) ;
  • Shin, Jung-Hye (Namhae Garlic Research Institute)
  • 투고 : 2012.12.04
  • 심사 : 2013.02.13
  • 발행 : 2013.03.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

생체내에서 마늘의 항당뇨 활성을 검증하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 생마늘과 흑마늘 추출물을 동결건조한 후 streptozotocin으로 당뇨를 유발한 흰쥐의 식이에 각각 1% 및 3% 첨가 급이하였다. 4주간 실험사육 후 체중 증가량과 식이효율은 흑마늘 추출분말 1% 첨가급이군이 당뇨를 유발하지 않은 정상군과 유사한 범위로 당뇨로 인한 체중감소 방지효과가 있었다. 생마늘 및 흑마늘 추출분말 첨가 급이는 당뇨 흰쥐의 혈당은 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았는데 생마늘 추출분말 1% 첨가 급이군에서 $224.49{\pm}9.36$ mg/dl로 가장 낮았다. 당화헤모글로빈은 당뇨 유발로 인하여 정상군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였으나 생마늘과 흑마늘 추출분말을 급이함으로써 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈액 중 총 지질과 콜레스테롤 함량은 생마늘 및 흑마늘 추출분말을 급이함으로써 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였으나 추출분말의 급이량에 따른 차이가 적었다. HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 흑마늘 추출분말 1% 첨가군을 제외한 모든 실험군에서 당뇨 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. LDL- 및 VLDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 생마늘 추출분말 3% 첨가 급이군에서 유의적으로 낮은 함량으로 정량되었고, 동맥경화지수와 심혈관질환위험지수도 동일한 경향을 나타내었다. 혈중 GOT, GPT 및 ${\gamma}$-GTP 활성도는 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 간장 내 글리코겐의 함량은 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 정상군과도 통계적인 유의차가 없었다. 신장조직에서 지질 과산화물 함량은 생마늘 및 흑마늘 추출분말 3% 첨가급이군에서 각각 $86.67{\pm}6.74$와 $81.04{\pm}9.96$ mmol/g wet kidney로 여타 실험군에 비해 유의적으로 낮아 정상군과 유사한 범위였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 혈액과 신장에서 당뇨 대조군에 비해 활성이 유의적으로 높았고 마늘 추출분말의 첨가량이 많을수록 활성이 더 높았다. 이상의 결과들을 종합하여 볼 때 생마늘 및 흑마늘 추출분말의 급이는 혈당저하, 간장내 글리코겐 함량 유지 및 생체내 지질 개선효과가 있었으며 흑마늘 추출분말 보다는 생마늘 추출분말을 급이하였을 더 효과적이었다. 그러나 향후 제품개발시 섭취 용이성을 고려해볼 때 흑마늘 추출분말도 그 효능을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

In this study, we examined the biological activity and synergistic effects of an extract powder of 1% and 3%, each fresh (FGP) and black garlic (BGP) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Blood glucose content was significantly lower in FGP and BGP groups than control group. Glycosylated Hb was significantly higher in streptozotocin induced diabetic control group than normal group, but significantly lower in FGP and BGP groups. Total cholesterol content of the FGP and BGP groups were lower than control group, but not shown the significant difference between garlic fed groups. HDL-cholesterol concentrations of the FGP and BGP fed groups were significantly higher than control group, except of 1% BGP group. LDL and VLDL-cholesterol contents were significantly lower in 3% FGP group, and the same tendency atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor. GOT, GPT, and ${\gamma}$-GTP activity of serum were lower in FGP and BGP fed groups than control group. Glycogen contents in liver significantly higher than control group, and has not significantly difference between normal group. TBARS content was no significantly difference in the liver and serum, but in the kidney, 3% FPG and BGP fed groups were significantly lower than other experimental group. DPPH radical scavenging activity of liver has not significant difference among experimental groups, but activity was higher garlic extract powder fed groups in serum and kidney. These results indicate that dietary supplements of fresh and black garlic extract powder was contributed to lower of blood glucose, loss prevention of glycogen in liver and improve of lipid metabolism.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ankri, S. and Mirelman, D. 1999. Antimicrobial properties of allicin from garlic. Microbes Infec 2, 125-129.
  2. Belman, S. 1983. Onion and garlic oils inhibit tumor promotion. Carcinogenesis 4, 1063-1067. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/4.8.1063
  3. Betteridge, J. 2001. Dyslipidaemia and diabetes. Prac Diabetes Intern 18, 201-207. https://doi.org/10.1002/pdi.231
  4. Cavallito, C. and Bailey, J. H. 1944. Allicin the antibacterial principle of Allium sativum. Isolationm Physical properties and antibacterial action. J Am Chem Soc 66, 1944-1952.
  5. Celik, S., Baydas, G. and Yilmaz, O. 2002. Influence of vitamin E on the levels of fatty acids and MDA in some tissues of diabetic rats. Cell Biochem Funct 20, 67-71. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.936
  6. Cheung, P. C. K. 1998. Plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels and fecal neutral sterol extcretion are alter in hamsters fed straw mushroom diets. J Nutr 128, 1512-1530.
  7. Choi, D. J., Lee, S. J., Kang, M. J., Cho, H. S., Sung, N. J. and Shin, J. H. 2008. Physicochemical characteristics of black garlic (Allium sativum L.). J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37, 465-471. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.4.465
  8. Choi, J. S., Chung, H. Y. and Han, S. Y. 1990. A preliminary study on hypercholesterolemic and hyperglycemic activities of some medical plants. Korean J Pharm 21, 153-157.
  9. Chung, D. H. and Chung, S. O. 2005. Garlic Science. pp. 9, World science. Seoul Korea.
  10. Corzo-Martinez, M., Corzo, N. and Villamiel, M. 2007. Biological properties of onions and garlic. Trends Food Sci Tech 18, 609-625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2007.07.011
  11. Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I. and Fredrickson, D. S. 1972. Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrefuge. Clin Chem 18, 499-502.
  12. Frings, C. S., Fendley, T. W., Dunn, R. T. and Queen, C. A. 1972. Improved determination of total serum lipids by the sulfo-phospho-vanillin reaction. Clin Chem 18, 763-764.
  13. Ghosh, R., Mukherjee, B. and Chatterijee, M. 1994. A novel effect of selenium on streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes Res 25, 165-171.
  14. Goldstein, L. J. and Brown, S. M. 1997. The low-density lipoprotein pathway and its relation to atherosclerosis. Annual Rev Biochem 46, 897-930.
  15. Haglund, O., Loustarinen, R., Wallin, R., Wibell, I. and Saldeen, T. 1991. The effect of oil on triglycerides, cholesterol, fibrinogen and malondialdehyde in mand supplemented with vitamin. Eur J Nutr 121, 165-172.
  16. Han, H. K., Yoon, S. J. and Kim, G. H. 2009. Effects of composite plants on plasma glucose and lipid level in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 36, 674-682.
  17. Huh K., Kim, Y. H. and Jin, D. Q. 2001. Protective effect of an aged garlic-bamboo salt mixture on the rat with the alcohol-salicylate induced gastropathy. Yakhak Hoeji 45, 258-268.
  18. Hwang, I. G., Woo, K. S., Kim, D. J., Hong, J. H., Hwang, B. Y. and Lee, Y. R. 2007. Isolation and identification of an antioxidant substnace from heated garlic(Allium sativum L.). Food Sci Technol 16, 963-966.
  19. Kahn, C. R. 1985. The molecular mechanism of insulin action. Ann Rev Med 36, 249-251.
  20. Kang, M. J., Kim, J. H., Chung, H. R., Lee, Y. A., Shin, C. H., Yang, S. W., Kim, Y. Y., Jin, S. M. and Noh, C. I. 2009. A study of the development of macrovascular complications and factors related to these complications in young adults with childhood/adolesence-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. Korean J Ped 52, 220-226. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2009.52.2.220
  21. Kang, S. M., Shim, J. Y., Hwang, S. Y., Hong, S. G., Jang, H. E. and Park, M. H. 2003. Effects of Saengshik supplementation on health improvement in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32, 906-912. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.6.906
  22. Kim S. H., Kang, J. S., Lee, S. J. and Chung, Y. J. 2008. Antidiabetic effect of korean red ginseng by puffing process in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37, 701-707. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.6.701
  23. Kim, T. H., Yang, K. S. and Whang, S. H. 1990. studies on the physiochemical activities of Commelinae herba extract on the normal and streptozotocine-induced hyperglycemic rats. Pharm Sci 7, 39-59.
  24. King, H., Aubert, R. E. and Herman, W. H. 1998. Global burden of diabetes. 1995-2025: Prevalance. numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care 21, 1414-1431. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.21.9.1414
  25. Koh, J. B., Choi, M. J., Kim, J. Y., Rho, M. H. and Kim, D. J. 1999. Effects of tea fungaus/kombucha beverage on serum protein levels and enzyme activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 28, 1137-1143.
  26. Korean National Statistical Office. 2008. The cause of death statistics 2006. Annual Report on the Cause of Death statics p. 20.
  27. Lee, S. H., Lim, S. W., Lee, Y. M., Kang, C. S., Cheong, Y. K., Park, C. S., Song, B. J. and Kim, D. K. 2010. Effects of Triticum aestivum sprout on blood glucose and lipid levels in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Korean J Oriental Physiology Pathology 24, 1012-1018.
  28. Lee, S. Z., Park, S. H. and Lee, H. S. 2001. Changes in vivo lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats: a time course study. Korean J Nutr 34, 253-264.
  29. Lim, B. O., Seo, T. W., Shin, H. M., Park, D. K., Kim, S. U., Cho, K. H. and Kim, H. C. 2000. Effect of Betulae Platyphyllae Cortex on free radical in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Korea J Herbology 15, 69-77.
  30. Malabu, U. H., Dryden, S., McCarthy, H. D., Kilpatrick, A. and Williams, G. 1994. Effect of chronic vanadate administration in the STZ-induced diabetic rats: The antihyperglycemic action of vanadate is attributable entirely to its suppression of feeding. Diabetes 43, 9-15. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.43.1.9
  31. Matkovics, B., Kotorman, M. and Varga, C. 1998. Oxidative stress in experimental diabetes induced by streptozotocin. Acta Physiol Hung 85, 29-38.
  32. Moon, H. Y., Yang, S. J., Jung, I. C, Yang, Y. H. and Koh, J. B. 2006. Effect of diet with meat for crossbred pig fed with tangerine peel on lipid metabolism protein level and enzyme activity in rats. Korean J Food Sci Ani Resour 26, 58-63
  33. Nikila, E. A. and Kekki, M. 1973. Plasma triglyceride transport kinetics in diabetes melltus. Metabolism 22, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(73)90024-3
  34. O'Brien, R. M. and Granner, D. K. 1996. Regulation of gene expression by insulin. Physiol Rev 76, 1109-1161.
  35. O'Meara, N. M., Devery, R. A., Owens, D., Collins, P. B., Jonson, A. H. and Tomkin, G. H. 1990. Cholesterol metabolism in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits. Diabetes 39, 629-633.
  36. Pentz, R., Guo, Z.., Kresss, G., Muller, D., Muller, B. and Siegers, C. P. 1990. Standardization of garlic powder preparations by the estimation of free and hydrolysable SH groups. Plant Med 56, 691.
  37. Pinnell, A. E. and Northam, B. E. 1978. New automated dye-binding method for serum albumin determination with bromocresol purple. Clin Chem 24. 80-86.
  38. Rosenstock, J. G., Vega, G. L. and Rankin, P. 1998. Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B kinetics in type diabetes. Diabetes 37, 393-397.
  39. Ruffin, J. and Hutter, S. A. 1983. An evaluation of the side effects of garlic as an antihypertensive agent. Cytobios 37, 85-89.
  40. Santoso, T. 2006. Prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus: by stressing the CARDS study. Acta Med Indones 38, 97-102.
  41. Shin, J. H., Choi, D. J., Lee, S. J., Cha, J. Y. and Sung, N. T. 2008. Antioxidant activity of black garlic (Allium sativum L.). J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37, 965-971. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.8.965
  42. Shin, S. H. and Kim, M. K. 2004. Effect of dried powders or ethanol extracts of garlic flesh and peel on antioxidative capacity in 16-mouth-old rats. Korean J Nutr 37, 633-644.
  43. Siegel, R. D., Cuples, A., Schaefer, E. J. and Wilson, P. W. F. 1996. Lipoproteins. apolipoproteins and low-density lipoprotein size among diabetics in the Framingham offspring study. Metabolism 45, 1267-1272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0026-0495(96)90246-2
  44. Steer, K. A., Sochor, M. and Mclearn, P. 1985. Renal hypertrophy in experimental diabetes changes in pentose phosphate pathway activity. Diabetes 34, 485-490. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.34.5.485
  45. Taskinen, M. R., Kuusi, T., Helve, E., Nikkila, E. A. and Yki-Jarvien, H. 1998. Insulin therapy induce antiatherogenic change of serum lipoproteins in non insulin-dependent diabetes. Atheroscleosis 8, 168-177.
  46. Uchiyama, M. and Mihara, M. 1978. Determination of malondialdehyde precursor in tissues by TBA test. Anal Biochem 86, 271-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(78)90342-1

피인용 문헌

  1. Anti-inflammatory Activities of Fermented Black Garlic vol.43, pp.10, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.10.1527
  2. Biological Activities of Solid-fermentation Garlic with Lactic Acid Bacteria vol.26, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2016.26.4.446
  3. Antifatigue Effect of Eel and Plant Mix Extracts during Aerobic Running Training in Sprague Dawley Rats vol.24, pp.7, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2014.24.7.728
  4. Development of Functional Mixed Drink using Extract of Hericium erinacium Cultivated with Artemisia capillaris and Black Garlic vol.27, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2014.27.5.751
  5. Correlations between Soil Environment and Bioactive Constituents of Namdo Garlic Harvested in the Non-volcanic Ash Soil Distributed Western Jeju vol.23, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2015.23.2.125
  6. Physicochemical Properties, Biological Activity, Health Benefits, and General Limitations of Aged Black Garlic: A Review vol.22, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22060919