Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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The relationship between intake of nutrients and food groups and insulin resistance in Korean adults: Using the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV, 2007-2009)

우리나라 성인의 인슐린 저항성과 관련된 영양소 및 식품군 섭취: 제 4기 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하여

  • Song, SuJin (Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University) ;
  • Paik, Hee-Young (Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University) ;
  • Song, YoonJu (Major of Food and Nutrition, School of Human Ecology, The Catholic University of Korea)
  • 송수진 (서울대학교 생활과학대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 백희영 (서울대학교 생활과학대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 송윤주 (가톨릭대학교 생활과학부 식품영양학전공)
  • Received : 2012.08.31
  • Accepted : 2013.01.13
  • Published : 2013.02.28
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary variables and the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) in middle-aged Korean adults using data from the 2007-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Because IR is closely linked with metabolic syndrome, subjects were divided into three groups according to symptoms of metabolic syndrome: the 'Normal group' without any symptoms, the 'Risk group' with one or two symptoms, and the Metabolic syndrome (MetS) group' with three or more symptoms. Subjects between the ages of 30 and 65 years with no prior diagnosis or treatment for diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia were selected. The number of subjects per group was as follows: 2,085 adults in the Normal group, 3,699 adults in the Risk group, and 1,160 adults in the MetS group. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Adult Treatment Panel III criteria with modified waist circumference cutoff values (men ${\geq}$ 90 cm, women ${\geq}$ 85 cm). Subjects with HOMA-IR > 2.0 were classified as IR. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated using the following formula: (fasting plasma glucose ${\times}$ fasting plasma insulin)/22.5. Nutrients and food groups intake were obtained from a single 24-hour recall. Subjects with IR in the Normal group were more obese and less physically active than non-IR subjects. In the MetS group, subjects with IR were more obese and had a lower prevalence of smoking and drinking, compared with non-IR subjects. Men with IR in the Normal group had a tendency to consume more oils and sugars than non-IR men, while women with IR in the same group had higher intake of carbohydrate, dietary glycemic index, and dietary glycemic load than non-IR women. Women with IR in the Risk group had lower energy intake but higher intake of oils and sugars than non-IR women. In the MetS group, consumption of fruits was higher in subjects with IR than in non-IR subjects. In conclusion, findings of this study suggest that dietary carbohydrate intake, including glycemic index, may be associated with IR in healthy women. Further research in prospective cohort studies in order to examine the effects of dietary carbohydrate on IR incidence will be necessary.

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