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Adaptation Test of Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Korea -Thirty-six-year-old Growth Performance of Twenty-two Provenances-

구주소나무 적응성검정 시험 -22개 산지 36년생 결과-

  • Ryu, Keun Ok (Division of Forest Tree Improvement, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Han, Mu Seok (Division of Forest Tree Improvement, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, In Sik (Division of Forest Tree Improvement, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Ju Hwan (Division of Forest Tree Improvement, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Jae Cheon (Division of Forest Tree Improvement, Korea Forest Research Institute)
  • 유근옥 (국립산림과학원 임목육종과) ;
  • 한무석 (국립산림과학원 임목육종과) ;
  • 김인식 (국립산림과학원 임목육종과) ;
  • 이주환 (국립산림과학원 임목육종과) ;
  • 이재천 (국립산림과학원 임목육종과)
  • Received : 2012.08.23
  • Accepted : 2012.12.17
  • Published : 2013.02.28

Abstract

This study was conducted to select superior provenances of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) well adapted to Korean environment for timber production. In 1976, twenty-two provenances of Scots pine were introduced from Sweden and the seeds were sown in seed beds in March. After one year, the seedlings were transplanted to nursery beds. The resulting 1-1 seedlings of 22 provenances were planted at Whaseong in 1978. Randomized complete block design with 3 replications were used for test plantation. Each provenance was planted with 20-tree row plot in each block and at a spacing of $1.8{\times}1.8m$. The growth performance of each provenance was monitored up to 33-years after planting. There were significant differences among provenances in volume growth. F3001 provenance showed the best volume growth of 33-years after planting ($0.160m^3$), which was 2.2 times greater than that of the lowest provenance W2027 ($0.072m^3$). The ranking of provenances was stabilized after 14 years. Comparing to reference tree species, Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora), all Scots pine provenances showed poor growth performance. In other words, volume growth of Japanese red pine at age 28 and 33 were 2.1 and 3.3 times greater than that of Scots pine, respectively. Moreover, survival rate of Scots pine was lower than that of Japanese red pine. Based on these results, it was suggested that Scots pine was not suitable to Korean environments. The cause of maladaptation of Scots pine and the implications of introduction breeding were discussed.

스웨덴으로부터 구주소나무 22개 산지 종자를 도입하여 우수산지 선발을 목적으로 36년간 경기도 수원 지방에서 시험한 결과, 식재 후 33년 생장에서 가장 우수한 생장을 보인 산지는 F3001산지로 $0.160m^3$, 불량산지는 W2027 산지가 $0.072m^3$로 2.2배의 산지간의 생장차이를 보여 통계적인 유의성을 인정할 수가 있었다. 수령 및 산지간의 생장의 순위는 식재 후 14년생에 접어들면서 우수했던 산지들이 수령 33년생에서도 지속적으로 우수하였으며, 불량했던 산지들도 동일한 경향이었다. 비교수종으로 식재한 강원 평창산지 소나무 생장과 비교할 때, 식재 후 구주소나무 14년생 22개 산지 평균재적생장은 국내소나무와 유사한 생장을 보였으나, 식재 후, 28년생과 33년생 단목 재적생장에서 국내소나무가 구주소나무에 비하여 205%와 333% 우수한 생장을 보였다. 외래수종을 도입하여 새로운 환경에서 순응하는 과정에서 유전적인 요인 및 환경경사 등이 복합적으로 표현되는 생존율에서 비교수종으로 사용한 국내 소나무의 식재 후 당년 조림활착율, 식재 후 3년, 28년, 33년의 생존율은 90%, 85%, 50%, 22%인데 반하여 구주소나무 22개산지 평균생존율은 89%, 70%, 42%, 18%로 국내 소나무의 생존율보다는 떨어지나 유사한 생존율을 보였다. 그러나 구주소나무의 생존율의 상태는 산지별로 반복간의 생존율에서 심한 차이를 보여 전수 고사한 반복이 나타나는 등 정상적인 밀도를 유지하지 못하고 비정상적인 생장으로 쇠퇴하고 있었다. 결론적으로 구주소나무는 원산지보다 온화한 남쪽지방인 우리나라 기후풍토에서 생육하면서 심각한 생리적인 스트레스에 의하여 정상적인 생장을 하지 못하고 허약해진 개체목들은 2차적으로 솔잎혹파리(Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye), 거품벌레(Aphrophora flavipes Uhler), 푸사리움 가지마름병(Fusarium circinatum) 등의 병충해의 집중적인 침범으로 고사하여 외래수종 도입 실패의 대표적인 지연된 실패로 판단하여 시험을 종료하였다.

Keywords

References

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