Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science (한국잠사곤충학회지)

Korean Society of Sericultural Science (한국잠사학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The morphological characteristics and fatty acids composition of pollens in acorn and darae(Actinidia arguta)

도토리화분과 다래화분의 일반성분, 지방산 분석 및 형태 관찰

  • Hong, In-Pyo (National Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, R.D.A.) ;
  • Lee, Man-Young (National Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, R.D.A.) ;
  • Woo, Soon-Ok (National Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, R.D.A.) ;
  • Sim, Ha-Sik (National Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, R.D.A.) ;
  • Choi, Yong-Soo (National Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, R.D.A.) ;
  • Han, Sang-Mi (National Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, R.D.A.) ;
  • Kim, Hye-Kyung (National Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, R.D.A.) ;
  • Byeon, Kyu-Ho (National Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, R.D.A.) ;
  • Lee, Myeong-Lyeol (National Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, R.D.A.) ;
  • Kim, Jung-Bong (National Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, R.D.A.)
  • 홍인표 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 이만영 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 우순옥 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 심하식 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 최용수 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 한상미 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 김혜경 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 변규호 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 이명렬 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 김정봉 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원)
  • Received : 2013.08.05
  • Accepted : 2013.11.04
  • Published : 2013.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Pollens have been known to possess various biological properties. Therefore, pollens have been extensively used in functional food, folk medicine, and beverage industry to improve human health. This study was conducted to establish the optimized protocol for cytoplasm isolation of bee pollen. Data of biochemical parameters and fatty acid profiles were obtained from pollens of Acorn and Darae(Actinidia arguta). Contents of crude protein and crude fat were 24.1% and 11.8% in Acorn pollen, and those of Darae pollen showed 35.8% and 8.7% in crude protein and crude fat respectively. Also after lyophilizing of Acorn pollen, content of crude protein was increased to 26.5%. Main fatty acids were palmitic acid(C16 : 0), oleic acid(C18 : 1), linoleic acid(C18 : 2) and linolenic acid(C18 : 3) in bee pollen. Linoleic acid(37.3%) was dominant fatty acid in Acorn pollen that is one of essential fatty acids. Linolenic acid(48.3%) was dominant fatty acid in Darae pollen that is a polyunsaturated fatty acid. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids to total acid content was 73.2% in Acorn and 63.2% in Darae pollen, and especially that of polyunsaturated fatty acids was higher than 55%.

국내에서 생산량이 많은 도토리화분과 다래화분을 동결 건조하여 일반성분과 지방산 성분을 비교하였으며 전자현미경(SEM)을 통하여 세포벽 구조를 확인하였다. 일반성분 분석결과 도토리화분은 수분 11.7%, 회분 2.6%, 조단백질 24.1%, 조지방 11.8%, 조섬유 1.9%, 탄수화물 함량은 47.9%이었으며, 다래화분은 수분 4.3%, 회분 2.3%, 조단백질 35.8%, 조지방 8.7%, 조섬유 0.8%, 탄수화물 함량은 48.1%였다. 동결건조한 도토리화분의 조단백질 함량은 26.5%로 약 10% 증가하였으나 조섬유 함량은 0.4%로 감소하였고, 동결건조 다래화분의 조단백질과 조지방 함량은 각각 35.7%, 9.1%로 약간 증가하였으나 조섬유 함량은 크게 감소하였다. 도토리화분에는 linoleic acid, 다래화분에는 linolenic acid의 지방산 함량이 가장 높았으며, docosadienoic acid, eicosadienoic acid, erucic acid 등의 지방산은 도토리화분에만 존재하였다. 도토리화분은 단립이며 모양은 장구형(prolate)이고 극면상은 난형이며 발아구는 3구형이다. 또한 다래화분은 단립이며 모양은 아장구형(subprolate)이고 극면상은 원형이며 발아구는 3구형이다. 도토리화분과 다래화분을 동결건조하면 세포벽이 파열되어 세포질이 나출되는 양상을 보였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Abouda Z, Zerdani I, Kalalou I, Faid M, Ahami MT (2011) The antibacterial activity of Moroccan bee bread and beepollen(fresh and dried) against pathogenic bacteria. Res J Microbiol 6, 376-384. https://doi.org/10.3923/jm.2011.376.384
  2. AOAC (1980) Official methods of analysis. 14th ed. Association of official analytical chemists, Washington DC.
  3. Blackmore S, Wortley AH, Skvarla JJ, Gabarayeva NI, Rowley JR (2010) Developmental origins of structural diversity in pollen walls of Compositae. Plant Syst Evol 284, 17-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-009-0232-2
  4. Choi JH, Yim GY, Jang SY, Jeong YJ (2007) Inhibition effect of the harmful food-born microorganisms on germination condition of acorn pollen. Korean J Food Preserv 14, 87-93.
  5. Choi SJ, Jeong YH (2004) Effect of proteases on the extraction of crude protein and reducing sugar in pollen. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 33, 1353-1358. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2004.33.8.1353
  6. Chung YG, Yoon SH, Kwon JS, Bae MJ (1984) Nutritional and biochemical studies on the pollen loads studies on lipid compositions of sunflower pollen load and effects of its pollen load on liver cholesterol metabolism in mouse. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 13, 169-174.
  7. Fang KF, Wang YN, Yu TQ, Zhang LY, Baluska F, Samaj J, Lin JX (2008) Isolation of de-exined pollen and cytological studies of the pollen intines of Pinus bungeana Zucc. Ex Endl. and Picea wilsonii Mast. Flora 203, 332-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2007.04.007
  8. Han MR, Lee SJ, Kim MH (2004) Development of pine pollen cell wall rupture technique using a high impact planetary milling process. Dankook Journal of the New Material Technology 12, 43-54.
  9. Kim DS (1989) Effect of larva gut enzyme on pollen. Korean J Food Sci Technol 21, 404-408.
  10. Kim JB, Kim KH, Hong SB, Park JS, Lee JY, Kim SS, Bae SC, Cho J, Lee DJ (2007) Screening of GLA ($\gamma$-linolenic acid) from fungi by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Kor J Mycol 35, 96-100. https://doi.org/10.4489/KJM.2007.35.2.096
  11. Kim JG, Son JH (1990) Progress of chemical composition on pulverization of pollen loads. Korean J Apiculture 5, 23-30.
  12. Kim JW, Shin SC, Kim BK (1984) Studies on pollen preparations and as a health food(I). Kor J Pharmacogn 15, 147-149.
  13. Kress WJ, Stone DE, Sellers SC (1978) Ultrastructure of exine-less pollen: Heliconia(Heliconiaceae). Amer J Bot 65, 1064-1076. https://doi.org/10.2307/2442323
  14. Lee BY, Choi HD, Hwang JB (1997) Component analysis of Korean pollens and pollen extracts. Korean J Food Sci Technol 29, 869-875.
  15. Lee S (1984) Contributions of palynological characters to plant systematics. Kor J Plant Tax 14, 13-20.
  16. Lee ST (1986) Palynology and plant systematics. Korean J Apiculture 1, 46-53.
  17. Li F, Yuan QP, Rashid F (2009) Isolation, purification and immunobiological activity of a new water-soluble bee pollen polysaccharide from Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. Carbohydrate Polymers 78, 80-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.04.005
  18. Metcalfe LD, Schmitz AA, Pelka JR (1966) Rapid preparation of fatty acid esters from lipids for gas chromatographic analysis. Anal Chem 38, 514-515. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60235a044
  19. Petrovic M, Kezic N, Bolanca V (2010) Optimization of the GC method for routine analysis of the fatty acid profile in several food samples. Food Chem 122, 285-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.02.018
  20. Roulston TH, Cane JH (2000) Pollen nutritional content and digestibility for animals. Plant Syst Evol 222, 187-209. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00984102
  21. Ryu JB (2003) Classification of honey plants in Korea. Korean J Apiculture 18, 5-22.
  22. Stanley RG, Linskens HF (1965) Protein diffusion from germinating pollen. Physiol Plant 18, 47-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1965.tb06868.x
  23. Stanley RG, Linskens HF (1974) Pollen: biology, biochemistry, management. 1st edn. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany.
  24. Todd FE, Bretherick O (1942) The composition of pollens. J Econ Entomol 35, 312-317. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/35.3.312
  25. Xu X, Sun LP, Dong J, Zhang HC (2009) Breaking the cells of rape bee pollen and consecutive extraction of functional oil with supercritical carbon dioxide. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies 10, 42-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2008.08.004