Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Ecological Health Assessments on Stream Order in Southern Han River Watershed and Physical Habitat Assessments

남한강 수계에서 하천차수에 따른 생태건강도 평가 및 지점별 물리적 서식지 평가

  • Choi, Ji-Woong (Department of Biological Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • An, Kwang-Guk (Department of Biological Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University)
  • Received : 2013.10.30
  • Accepted : 2013.11.22
  • Published : 2013.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The ecological health, based on the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) was evaluated in 10 stream sites of Southern Han River. Eleven parameters of 12 parameters (Karr 1981) were modified for the application of regional Korean circumstance. The ecological health, based on IBI grade, was in "good condition" and the IBI score ranged from 33 to 47. Nine parameters of the original 12-parameter metrics in QHEI model (Plafkin et al. 1989) were applied in the habitat assessment. The mean QHEI model values were judged as "partially supporting" and ranged from 75 (non-supporting) to 109 (supporting). Comparative analyses revealed that values of IBI and QHEI models were greater in Gj stream than Ig- and Dn streams. The analysis of fish compositions showed that the proportions of insectivore, omnivore, and carnivore were 61.9%, 19%, and 9.5%, respectively. According to tolerance guild analysis, sensitive species and tolerant species were 76.1% and 4.7%, respectively, indicating a healthy trophic state in terms of food chain. The analysis by habitat guild type indicated that riffle benthic species dominated (57.1%) when compared to water column species (28.5%). The introduced species and individuals with diseases or external abnormality were not observed. Overall, the model values of IBI and QHEI suggested that the ecological health was maintained well in this upstream region.

본 연구에서는 남한강 상류수계의 10개 지점에서 생물보전지수 (Index of Biological Integrity, IBI) 및 물리적 서식지 평가 지수 (Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index, QHEI)를 이용하여 생태건강도 특성을 평가하였다. 생물보전지수 조사는 Karr (1981)가 제시한 12개 항목 중 11개 메트릭에 대하여 평가하였다. 생물보전지수 등급은 "양호상태"였고, 지점별 IBI 값의 범위는 33 (악화상태)~47 (양호상태)로 나타났다. 물리적 서식지측면에서는 Plafkin et al. (1989)에 의해 도입된 서식지 평가 지수(QHEI)의 12항목 중 9개 항목에 대해 평가를 실시했으며, QHEI 값의 범위는 75~109로 나타났으며, 전체 서식지 건강도 평균치는 부분 지지상태(Partially supporting)로 나타났다. 연구지점내의 하천 비교평가에 따르면, Gj 하천의 IBI 모델 값 및 QHEI 모델 값은 타 하천들 (Ig, Dn 하천)에 비해 양호한 상태로 평가되었다. 어류의 영양단계 종 성분분석에 따르면, 식충종, 잡식종 및 육식종은 61.9%, 19.0% 및 9.5%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 어류의 내성도 길드분석에 따르면, 민감종 (76.1%)은 내성종 (4.7%)보다 우점하여 생태계가 건전한 것으로 평가되었다. 서식지 길드 분석에 따르면, 여울성 저서종(57.1%)은 수층종(28.5%)보다 우점하는 것으로 나타났다. 연구기간 동안, 외래종 및 질병에 걸리거나 비정상적인 증상을 나타내는 개체는 관측되지 않았다. 전체적으로 생태건강도 모델값(IBI) 및 서식지평가지수 모델값의 분석에 따르면 본 상류 하천지역은 생태학적으로 양호한 상태로 잘 유지되는 것으로 평가되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. An KG, DH Yeom and SK Lee. 2001a. Rapid bioassessments of Kap stream using the index of biological integrity. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 19:261-269.
  2. An KG, SH Jung and SS Choi. 2001b. An evaluation on health conditions of Pyong-Chang River suing the index of biological integrity (IBI) and qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI). Korean J. Limnol. 34:153-165.
  3. Bae KS. 1993. Community structure and ecological dynamics of benthic macroinvertebrates according to the micro-habitats in Gokneung Stream. Korean J. Limnol. 26:263-280.
  4. Barbour MT, J Gerritsen, BD Snyder and JB Stribling. 1999. Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers: Periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish. EPA 841-B-99-002 (2nd ed.). Office of Water, US EPA, Washington, DC, USA.
  5. Bartholow JM. 1989. Stream temperature investigations: field and analytical methods. Instream flow information pater 13. Biological Report 89 (17). Fish and Wildlife Service, US Department of the Interior, Washington, DC, USA.
  6. Byeon HK, JS Choi and JK Choi. 1996. Fish fauna and distribution characteristic of anadromous type fish in Yangyangnamdae Stream. Korean J. Limnol. 29:159-166.
  7. Cho KJ, JK Shin, SK Kwak and OH Lee. 1998. Diatom genus Stephanodiscus as eutrophication indicator for water quality assessment. Korean J. Limnol. 31:204-210.
  8. Choi JK and HK Byeon. 1999. Fish community in the lower course of Han River. Korean J. Limnol. 32:49-57.
  9. Choi KC, SR Jeon, IS Kim and YM Son. 1990. Coloured illustrations of the freshwater fishes of Korea. Hyang-Moon Publishing Co., Korea.
  10. Choi SS, HB Song and SO Hwang. 1997. Study on the fish community in the Daechong Reservoir. Korean J. Limnol. 30:155-166.
  11. Gutierrez MAR. 1994. Utilizacion de la ictiofauna como indicadora de la integridad biotica de los Rios Guachey Guanare, Estado Portuguesa, Venezuela, pp. 1-40. M.Sc. thesis, Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales "Ezequiel Zamora", Guanare, Venezuela.
  12. Harris JH. 1995. The use of fish in ecological assessments. Aust. J. Ecol. 20:65-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1995.tb00523.x
  13. Hay CJ, BJ Van Zyl and GJ Steyn. 1995. A quantitative assessment of the biotic integrity of the Okavango River, Namibia, based on fish. Water SA 22:263-284.
  14. Hocutt CH, PN Johnson, CJ Hay and BJ Van Zyl. 1994. Biological basis of water quality assessment: the Kavango River, Namibia. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 27:361-384.
  15. Karr JR. 1981. Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fishieries 6:21-27. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1981)006<0021:AOBIUF>2.0.CO;2
  16. Karr JR, KD Fausch, PL Angermeier, PR Yant and IJ Schlosser. 1986. Assessing biological integrity in running waters: A method and its rationale. Illinois Natural History Survey, Special Publication 5, pp 28.
  17. Kim IS and EJ Kang. 1993. Colored illustrations of the fishes in Korea. Academy Press, Korea.
  18. Kim JS, SA Ham and CH Ra. 1995. Water quality evaluation by the aquatic insects in Tamjin river system. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 3:225-230.
  19. Kim JT, ER Park, HS Cho and SM Boo. 1996. The phytoplankton community structure in the main stream of the Kumgang River, Korea. Korean J. Limnol. 29:187-195.
  20. Lee JH, YP Hong and KG An. 2007. Multi-metric index assessments of fish model and comparative analysis of community index with the health index in the upstream watershed of Southern Han River. Korean J. Limnol. 40:327-336.
  21. Oberdorff T and JP Porcher. 1994. An index of biotic integrity to assess biological impacts of salmonid farm effluents on receiving waters. Aquaculture 119:219-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)90177-5
  22. Oberdorff T and RM Hughes. 1992. Modification of an index of biotic integrity based on fish assemblages to characterize rivers of the Seine Basin, France. Hydrobiologia 228:117-130. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006200
  23. Ohio EPA. 1989. Biological criteria for the protection of aquatic life. Vol. III, standardized biological field assessment of Ohio surface waters. Division of Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment, Surface Water Section, Columbus. OH.
  24. Plafkin JL, MT Barbour, KD Porter, SK Gross and RM Hughes. 1989. Rapid assessment protocols for use in streams and rivers: benthic macroinvertebrates and fish, EPA/444/4-89-001, Office of Water, US EPA, Washington, DC, USA.
  25. Shin JK and KJ Cho. 1999. Diurnal variation of environmental factors and freshwater algae in the Naktong River estuary. Korean J. Limnol. 32:341-348.
  26. Song HB, OK Kwon, SH Jeon, HJ Kim and KS Cho. 1995. Fish fauna of the upper Sum River in Hoengsong. Korean J. Limnol. 28:225-232.
  27. US EPA. 1983. Technical support manual: waterbody surveys and assessment for conducting use attainability analyses. Office of Water, US EPA, Washington, DC, USA.
  28. US EPA. 1991. Technical support document for water qualitybased toxic control. EPA 505-2-90-001. Office of Water, US EPA, Washington, DC, USA.
  29. US EPA. 1993. Fish field and laboratory methods for evaluation the biological integrity f surface waters. EPA 600-R-92-111. Environmental Monitoring systems Laboratory-cincinnati office of Modeling, Monitoring systems and quality assurance Office of Research Development, US EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.
  30. Van Putten M. 1989. Issues in applying water quality criteria. Water quality standards for the 21st century. Office of Water, US EPA, Washington, DC, USA. pp. 175-177.
  31. Yang HJ and BS Chae. 1994. The water environment and limnological study of the river system around the megalopolis - The ichthyofauna and structure of fish community in the Kumho River (II) -. Korean J. Limnol. 27:177-188.
  32. Yeom DH, KG An, YP Hong and SK Lee. 2000. Assessment of an index of biological integrity (IBI) using fish assemblages in Keum-Ho River, Korea. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 18:215-226.