DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Characteristics of Carbonaceous Aerosols Measured at Gosan - Based on Analysis of Thermal Distribution by Carbon Analyzer and Organic Compounds by GCMS

제주도 고산지역 탄소 성분의 특성 분석 - 유기탄소의 열광학적 특성 및 유기성분 중심으로

  • Bae, Min-Suk (Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University) ;
  • Park, Seung-Shik (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Young Joon (Advanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center (ADEMRC), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST))
  • Received : 2013.05.10
  • Accepted : 2013.07.29
  • Published : 2013.12.31

Abstract

Ground-based measurements were conducted from August 25 to September 8 of 2011 for understanding characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols measured at Gosan. Chemical components and their sources were discussed by analysis of organic compounds with identification of primary and secondary products in particulate matter. Thus, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) based on the carbonaceous thermal distribution (CTD), which provides detailed carbon signature characteristics relative to analytical temperature, was used to improve the carbon fractionation of the analytical method. In addition, organic compounds by gas chromatography technique with the backward trajectories were discussed for characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols. Different air-masses were classified related to the OC thermal signatures and the organic molecular markers such as aromatic acids and PAHs. We concluded that the aging process was influenced by the long-range transport from East Sea area.

Keywords

References

  1. Abas, M., D. Oros, and B. Simoneit (2004) Biomass burning as the main source of organic aerosol particulate matter in Malaysia during haze episodes, Chemosphere, 55, 1089-1095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.02.002
  2. Bae, M., J. Lee, Y. Kim, M. Oak, J. Shin, K. Lee, H. Lee, S. Lee, and Y. Kim (2012) Analytical Methods of Levoglucosan, a Tracer for Cellulose in Biomass Burning, by Four Different Techniques, Asian J. of Atmos. Environ., 6, 53-66. https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2012.6.1.053
  3. Bae, M., J. Schauer, J. DeMinter, J. Turner, D. Smith, and R. Cary (2004a) Validation of a Semi-Continuous Instrument for Elemental Carbon and Organic Carbon Using a Thermal-Optical Method, Atmos. Environ., 38, 2885-2893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.027
  4. Bae, M., J. Schauer, J. DeMinter, and J. Turner (2004b) Hourly and Daily Patterns of Particle-Phase Organic and Elemental Carbon Concentrations in the Urban Atmosphere, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 54, 823-833. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2004.10470957
  5. Bae, M. and J. Schauer (2009) Analysis of Organic Molecular Markers in Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter: Understanding the Impact of "Unknown" Point Sources on Chemical Mass Balance Models, Asian J. of Atmos. Environ., 3, 219-236.
  6. Fraser, M.P., G.R. Cass, and B.R.T. Simoneit (2003) Air Quality Model Evaluation Data for Organics. 6. C-3-C-24 Organic Acids, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 446-453. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0209262
  7. Hopke, P. (2009) Contemporary threats and air pollution, Atmos. Environ. 43, 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.053
  8. Jacobson, M. (2001) Global direct radiative forcing due to multicomponent anthropogenic and natural aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D2), 1551-1568. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900514
  9. Jaffrezo, J.L., G. Aymoz, and J. Cozic (2005) Size distribution of EC and OC in the aerosol of Alpine valleys during summer and winter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2915-2925. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2915-2005
  10. Jordan, T., A. Seen, and G. Jacobsen (2006) Levoglucosan as an atmospheric tracer for woodsmoke, Atmos. Environ., 40, 5316-5321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.023
  11. Leck, C., M. Norman, E. Bigg, and R. Hillamo (2002) Chemical composition and sources of the high Arctic aerosol relevant for cloud formation, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D12), 4135. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001463
  12. Mader, B., J. Schauer, J. Seinfeld, R. Flagan, J. Yu, H. Yang, H. Lim, B. Turpin, J. Deminter, G. Heidemann, M. Bae, P. Quinn, T. Bates, D. Eatough, B. Huebert, T. Bertram, and S. Howell (2003) Sampling methods used for the collection of particle-phase organic and elemental carbon during ACE-Asia, Atmos. Environ., 37, 1435-1449. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)01061-0
  13. Nolte, C., J. Schauer, G. Cass, and B. Simoneit (2001) Highly polar organic compounds present in wood smoke and in the ambient atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 1912-1919. https://doi.org/10.1021/es001420r
  14. Park, S. and Y. Cho (2011) Tracking sources and behaviors of water-soluble organic carbon in fine particulate matter measured at an urban site in Korea, Atmos. Environ., 45, 60-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.045
  15. Raes, F., T. Bates, F. McGovern, and M. Van Liedekerke (2000) The 2nd Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2): general overview and main results, Tellus B., 52, 111-125. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00124.x
  16. Ramanathan, V. and G. Carmichael (2008) Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon, Nature Geosci., 1, 221-227. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo156
  17. Rattigan, O., H. Felton, M. Bae, J. Schwab, and K. Demerjian (2010) Multi-year hourly $PM_{2.5}$ carbon measurements in New York : Diurnal, day of week and seasonal patterns, Atmos. Environ., 44, 2043-2053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.01.019
  18. Schauer, J., B. Mader, J. DeMinter, G. Heidemann, M. Bae, J. Seinfeld, R. Flagan, R. Cary, D. Smith, B. Huebert, T. Bertram, S. Howell, J. Kline, P. Quinn, T. Bates, B. Turpin, H. Lim, J. Yu, H. Yang, and M. Keywood (2003) ACE-Asia intercomparison of a thermal-optical method for the determination of particle-phase organic and elemental carbon, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 993-1001. https://doi.org/10.1021/es020622f
  19. Sheesley, R.J., J. Schauer, E. Bean, and D. Kenski (2004) Trends in Secondary Organic Aerosol at a Remote Site in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 6491-6500. https://doi.org/10.1021/es049104q
  20. Simoneit, B., J. Schauer, C. Nolte, D. Oros, V. Elias, M. Fraser, W. Rogge, and G. Cass (1999) Levoglucosan, a Tracer for Cellulose in Biomass Burning and Atmospheric Particles, Atmos. Environ., 33, 173-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00145-9
  21. Simoneit, B.R.T. (1985) Application of Molecular Marker Analysis to Vehicular Exhaust for Source Reconciliations, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 22, 203-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067318508076422
  22. Stone, E., S. Yoon, and J. Schauer (2011) Chemical Characterization of Fine and Coarse Particles in Gosan, Korea during Springtime Dust Events, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 11, 31-43.
  23. Turpin, B. and H. Lim (2001) Species contributions to $PM_{2.5}$ mass concentrations: revisiting common assumptions for estimating organic mass, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 35, 602-610. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820119445

Cited by

  1. Characteristics of PM2.5 Carbonaceous Aerosol using PILS-TOC and GC/MS-TD in Seoul vol.30, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2014.30.5.461
  2. Characteristics of Particulate Carbon in the Ambient Air in the Korean Peninsula vol.31, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2015.31.4.330
  3. -Part II vol.32, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2016.32.2.158
  4. Comparison of Real Time Water Soluble Organic Carbon Measurements by Two PILS-TOC Analyzers vol.32, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2016.32.6.633