Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Biomechanical Analysis of the Non-slip Shoes for Older People

미끄럼방지 노인화에 대한 생체역학적 분석

  • Lee, Eun-Young (Division of Physical Education, Busan University of Foreign Studies) ;
  • Sohn, Jee-Hoon (Institute of Health and Exercise for senior citizens, University of Seoul) ;
  • Yang, Jeong-Hoon (Division of Physical Education, Kookmin University) ;
  • Lee, Ki-Kwang (Division of Physical Education, Kookmin University) ;
  • Kwak, Chang-Soo (Division of Physical Education, Hallym University)
  • 이은영 (부산외국어대학교 체육학부) ;
  • 손지훈 (서울시립대학교 도시노인건강운동연구소) ;
  • 양정훈 (국민대학교 체육학부) ;
  • 이기광 (국민대학교 체육학부) ;
  • 곽창수 (한림대학교 체육학부)
  • Received : 2013.11.07
  • Accepted : 2013.12.19
  • Published : 2013.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Fall is very fatal accident causes death to older people. Shoe may affect to fall. Shoe influences risk of slips, trips, and falls by altering somatosensory feedback to the foot. The purpose of this study was to investigate the analysis of non-slip shoes for older people and influence on older people's lower extremity. For this study twenty three healthy older people were recruited. Each subjects walked over slippery surfaces (COF 0.08). Four pairs of non-slip shoes (shoe A had the greatest COF, 0.23 while shoe B, C, and D had smaller COF relatively) for older people were selected and tested mechanical and biomechanical experiment. For data collection motion capture and ground reaction forces were synchronized. There were statistically significant differences for slip-displacement, coefficient of friction, braking force, propulsion force, knee range of motion and knee joint stiffness by shoes. It was concluded that shoe A was the best for non-slip function because of the lowest slip displacement, the highest braking and propulsion forces, and the highest mechanical and biomechanical coefficient of friction where as shoe B, C, D were identified as a negative effect on the knee joint than shoe A. To prevent fall and slip, older people have to take a appropriate non-slip shoes such as shoe A.

Keywords

References

  1. Bentley, T., Moore, D., Tappin, D., Parker, R., Ashby, L., & Hide, S. (2003). Slips, Trips and Falls in the New Zealand Dairy Farming Sector.
  2. Bentley, T., & Haslam, R. (2001). Identification of risk factors and countermeasures for slip, trip and fall accidents during the delivery of mail. Applied Ergonomics, 32(2), 127-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-6870(00)00048-X
  3. CDC. (2009). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ten Leading Causes of Death and Injury (Charts). http:// www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/LeadingCauses.html.Updated 2009 (accessed 9/26/2009).
  4. Cham, R., & Redfern, M. S. (2002). Changes in gait when anticipating slippery floors. Gait & Posture, 15(2), 159-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(01)00150-3
  5. Davis, R. B., & DeLuca, P. A. (1996). Gait characterization via dynamic joint stiffness. Gait & Posture, 4(3), 224-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(95)01045-9
  6. Decker, L., Houser, J. J., Noble, J. M., Karst, G. M., & Stergiou, N. (2009). The effects of shoe traction and obstacle height on lower extremity coordination dynamics during walking. Applied Ergonomics, 40(5), 895-903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2008.12.005
  7. Feder, G., Cryer, C., Donovan, S., & Carter, Y. (2000). Guidelines for the prevention of falls in people over 65. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 321(7267), 1007. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7267.1007
  8. Fong, D. T. P., Mao, D. W., Li, J. X., & Hong, Y. (2008). Greater toe grip and gentler heel strike are the strategies to adapt to slippery surface. Journal of Biomechanics, 41(4), 838-844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.11.001
  9. Gao, C., Abeysekera, J., Hirvonen, M., & Gronqvist, R. (2004). Slip resistant properties of footwear on ice. Ergonomics, 47(6), 710-716. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130410001658673
  10. Gronqvist, R. (1995). Mechanisms of friction and assessment of slip resistance of new and used footwear soles on contaminated floors. Ergonomics, 38(2), 224-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139508925100
  11. Heiden, T. L., Sanderson, D. J., Inglis, J. T., & Siegmund, G. P. (2006). Adaptations to normal human gait on potentially slippery surfaces: the effects of awareness and prior slip experience. Gait & Posture, 24(2), 237-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.09.004
  12. Kerrigan, D. C., Lee, L. W., Collins, J. J., Riley, P. O., & Lipsitz, L. A. (2001). Reduced hip extension during walking: healthy elderly and fallers versus young adults. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82(1), 26-30. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.18584
  13. Kim, S., & Lockhart, T. E. (2012). Lower limb control and mobility following exercise training. Journal of Neuro Engineering and Rehabilitation, 9(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-9-15
  14. Kwak, C. S., & Lee, K. O. (2000). A Study on the foot measurement date for shoe LAST design for the Korean aged women. Journal of Korean Physical Education Association for Girls and Women, 14(1), 23-41.
  15. Lee, J. H., & Seo, J. S., & Eun, S. D. (2007). In according to walking time the character of the ground reaction force in elderly OA(Osteo-Arthritis) female patient. Korean journal of sport biomechanics, 17(2), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2007.17.2.075
  16. Lee, K. C., & Choi, C. J. (2000). The study on human technological analysis and evaluation of shoes for Korean old ladies. Journal of Korean Physical Education Association for Girls and Women, 14(2), 121-136.
  17. Li, K. W., & Chen, C. J. (2004). The effect of shoe soling tread groove width on the coefficient of friction with different sole materials, floors, and contaminants. Applied Ergonomics, 35(6), 499-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2004.06.010
  18. Li, K. W., & Chen, C. J. (2005). Effects of tread groove orientation and width of the footwear pads on measured friction coefficients. Safety Science, 43(7), 391-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2005.08.006
  19. Li, K. W., Chen, C. J., Lin, C. H., & Hsu, Y. W. (2006). Relationship between measured friction coefficients and two tread groove design parameters for footwear pads. Tsinghua Science & Technology, 11(6), 712-719. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1007-0214(06)70254-1
  20. Li, K. W., Chen, C. Y., Chen, C. C., & Liu, L. (2012). Assessment of slip resistance under footwear materials, tread designs, floor contamination, and floor inclination conditions. Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, 41, 3349-3351.
  21. Li, K. W., Wu, H. H., & Lin, Y. C. (2006). The effect of shoe sole tread groove depth on the friction coefficient with different tread groove widths, floors and contaminants. Applied Ergonomics, 37(6), 743-748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2005.11.007
  22. Liu, J., & Lockhart, T. E. (2009). Age-related joint moment characteristics during normal gait and successful reactive-recovery from unexpected slip perturbations. Gait & Posture, 30(3), 276-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.04.005
  23. Lockhart, T. E., Woldstad, J. C., & Smith, J. L. (2003). Effects of age-related gait changes on the biomechanics of slips and falls. Ergonomics, 46(12), 1136-1160. https://doi.org/10.1080/0014013031000139491
  24. Lockhart, T. E., & Kim, S. (2006). Relationship between hamstring activation rate and heel contact velocity: Factors influencing age-related slip-induced falls. Gait & Posture, 24(1), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.06.016
  25. Manning, D. P., & Jones, C. (2001). The effect of roughness, floor polish, water, oil and ice on underfoot friction: current safety footwear solings are less slip resistant than microcellular polyurethane. Applied Ergonomics, 32(2), 185-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-6870(00)00055-7
  26. Menant, J. C., Steele, J. R., Menz, H. B., Munro, B. J., & Lord, S. R. (2008). Optimizing footwear for older people at risk of falls. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 45(8), 1167-1181. https://doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2007.10.0168
  27. Menant, J. C., Steele, J. R., Menz, H. B., Munro, B. J., & Lord, S. R. (2009). Effects of walking surfaces and footwear on temporo-spatial gait parameters in young and older people. Gait & Posture, 29(3), 392-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.10.057
  28. Menz, H. B., Lord, S. T., & McIntosh, A. S. (2001). Slip resistance of casual footwear: implications for falls in older adults. Gerontology, 47(3), 145-149. https://doi.org/10.1159/000052788
  29. Onodera, H., Yamaguchi, T., Yamanouchi, H., Nagamori, K., Yano, M., Hirata, Y., & Hokkirigawa, K. (2010). Analysis of the slip-related falls and fall prevention with an intelligent shoe system. Paper Presented at the Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob), 2010 3rd IEEE RAS and EMBS International Conference on.
  30. Osis, S. T., Worobets, J. T., & Stefanyshyn, D. J. (2012). Early Heelstrike Kinetics Are Indicative of Slip Potential During Walking Over a Contaminated Surface. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 54(1), 5-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720811427902
  31. Perkins, P. J. (1978). Measurement of slip between the shoe and ground during walking. American Society of Testing and Materials: Special Technical Publication, 649, 71-87.
  32. Rubenstein, L. Z. (2006). Falls in older people: epidemiology, risk factors and strategies for prevention. Age and ageing, 35(suppl 2), ii37-ii41. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afl084
  33. Tang, P. F., & Woollacott, M. H. (1998). Inefficient postural responses to unexpected slips during walking in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 53(6), M471.