Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Levels of Tobacco-specific Metabolites among Non-smoking Lung Cancer Cases at Diagnosis: Case-control Findings

  • Hwang, Sang-Hyun (Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Oncology) ;
  • Ryu, Hye-Jung (Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Oncology) ;
  • Kang, Soo Jin (Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Oncology) ;
  • Yun, E. Hwa (Branch of Cancer Risk Appraisal and Prevention, National Cancer Information Center, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center) ;
  • Lim, Min Kyung (Branch of Cancer Risk Appraisal and Prevention, National Cancer Information Center, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center) ;
  • Kim, Heung Tae (Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Jin Soo (Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Do-Hoon (Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Oncology)
  • Published : 2013.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality and is a known risk factor for lung cancer development in lifelong nonsmokers. The metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronides (NNAL-Glucs) have now emerged as leading biomarkers for the study of carcinogen exposure in non-smokers exposed to ETS. Materials and Methods: We carried out our study on NNAL in the urine of non-smokers exposed to ETS and the association between ETS and lung cancer. Subjects were enrolled from 2008-2010. NNAL was analyzed for 74 non-smoking lung cancer and 85 healthy controls. The main objective of this study was to provide an estimate of the risk of lung cancer from exposure to ETS in the Korean population. Results: The mean NNAL concentration in urine was significantly lower in non-smoking patient groups (n=74) than in control groups (n=85) ($4.7{\pm}15.0$ pg/mg, $6.5{\pm}17.9$ pg/mg, respectively, Mann-Whitney U test, p<0.001). Conclusions: The urine NNAL of non-smoking patients with lung cancer was not elevated with regard to the non-smoking control group. This may be due to life-style changes after diagnosis. A prospective study will be needed to evaluate the association of NNAL and non-smoking lung cancer.

Keywords

References

  1. Anderson KE, Carmella SG, Ye M, et al (2001). Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in nonsmoking women exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. J Natl Cancer Inst, 93, 378-81. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/93.5.378
  2. Bernert JT, Pirkle JL, Xia Y, et al (2010). Urine concentrations of a tobacco-specific nitrosamine carcinogen in the U.S. population from secondhand smoke exposure. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 19, 2969-77. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0711
  3. Brennan P, Buffler PA, Reynolds P, et al (2004). Secondhand smoke exposure in adulthood and risk of lung cancer among never smokers: a pooled analysis of two large studies. Int J Cancer, 109, 125-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.11682
  4. Church TR, Anderson KE, Caporaso NE, et al (2009). A prospectively measured serum biomarker for a tobacco-specific carcinogen and lung cancer in smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 18, 260-6. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0718
  5. Couraud S, Zalcman G, Milleron, B, et al (2012). Lung cancer in never smokers - a review. Eur J Cancer, 48, 1299-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2012.03.007
  6. Florescu A, Ferrence R, Einarson T, et al (2009). Methods for quantification of exposure to cigarette smoking and environmental tobacco smoke: focus on developmental toxicology. Ther Drug Monit, 31, 14-30. https://doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181957a3b
  7. Hashimoto K, Ohsawa K, Kimura M (2004). Mutations induced by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in the lacZ and cII genes of Muta Mouse. Mutat Res, 560, 119-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.02.010
  8. Hecht SS (2004). Carcinogen derived biomarkers: applications in studies of human exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke. Tob Control, 1, 48-56.
  9. Hecht SS (2006). A biomarker of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and Ernst Wynder's opinion about ETS and lung cancer. Prev Med, 43, 256-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.07.020
  10. Hecht SS, Ye M, Carmella SG, Fredrickson A, et al (2001). Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in the urine of elementary school-aged children. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 10, 1109-16.
  11. Jacob P, Havel C, Lee DH, Yu L, Eisner MD, et al (2008). Subpicogram per milliliter determination of the tobacco-specific carcinogen metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in human urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem, 80, 8115-21. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac8009005
  12. Kamsa-Ard S, Promthet S, Lewington S, et al (2013). Association between smoking and mortality: Khon Kaen cohort study, Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 2643-7. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.4.2643
  13. Lackmann GM, Salzberger U, Tollner U, et al (1999). Metabolites of a tobacco-specific carcinogen in urine from newborns. J Natl Cancer Inst, 91, 459-65. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/91.5.459
  14. Park S, Bae J, Nam BH, et al (2008). Aetiology of cancer in Asia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 9, 371-80.
  15. Parsons WD, Carmella SG, Akerkar S, et al (1998). A metabolite of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in the urine of hospital workers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 7, 257-60.
  16. Sisti J, Boffetta P (2012). What proportion of lung cancer in never-smokers can be attributed to known risk factors? Int J Cancer, 131, 265-75. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.27477
  17. Yano T, Haro A, Shikada Y, Maruyama R, et al (2011). Non-small cell lung cancer in never smokers as a representative ‘non-smoking-associated lung cancer’: epidemiology and clinical features. Int J Clin Oncol, 16, 287-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-010-0160-8
  18. Yuan JM, Gao YT, Murphy SE, et al (2012). Urinary levels of cigarette smoke constituent metabolites are prospectively associated with lung cancer development in smokers. Cancer Res, 71, 6749-57.

Cited by

  1. Study on Theoretical Models of Regional Humanity Lung Cancer Hazards Assessment vol.16, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.5.1759
  2. Association between Secondhand Smoke in Hospitality Venues and Urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol Concentrations in Non-Smoking Staff vol.13, pp.11, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111101