DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of Systemic Pesticide Imidacloprid and Its Metabolites in Pepper using QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS

QuEChERS 전처리와 LC-MS/MS를 이용한 고추 중 침투성농약 Imidacloprid 및 대사물질 동시분석법

  • Seo, Eun-Kyung (Department of Agro-food Safety, National Academy of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Taek-Kyum (Department of Agro-food Safety, National Academy of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hong, Su-Myeong (Department of Agro-food Safety, National Academy of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kwon, Hye-Yong (Department of Agro-food Safety, National Academy of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kwon, Ji-Hyung (Department of Agro-food Safety, National Academy of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Son, Kyung-Ae (Department of Agro-food Safety, National Academy of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Jang-Eok (School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Doo-Ho (Department of Agro-food Safety, National Academy of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 서은경 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 김택겸 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 홍수명 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 권혜영 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 권지형 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 손경애 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 김장억 (경북대학교 응용생명과학부) ;
  • 김두호 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부)
  • Received : 2013.10.24
  • Accepted : 2013.11.22
  • Published : 2013.12.31

Abstract

Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide which act as an insect neurotoxin. It used for control of pest such as aphids and other sucking insects in fruits and vegetables. Systemic pesticides move inside a crop following absorption by the plant, and these were converted into a variety of metabolites. Sometimes these metabolites make a problem about safety of agricultural products. So a simultaneous determination method of pesticide and its metabolites is needed, to monitor their presence in agricultural product and study on the fate of pesticide in a plant. This study's aim is to investigate simultaneous analysis method of imidacloprid and its metabolites, imidacloprid guanidine, imidacloprid olefin, imidacloprid urea, and 6-chloronicotinic acid in red pepper using QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS systems. QuEChERS method was modifed beacuase $MgSO_4$ salts decreased the recoveries of 6-chloronicotinic acid in extraction procedure. Imidacloprid and its metabolites were extracted by acetonitrile with 1% glacial acetic acid and the extracts were purified through QuEChERS with primary secondary amine (PSA) and $C_{18}$ and analyzed with LC-MS/MS in ESI positive mode. Standard calibration curves were made by matrix matched standards and their correlation coefficients were higher than 0.999. Recovery studies were carried out on spiked pepper blank sample at four concentration levels (0.01, 0.04 and 0.1, 0.4 mg/kg). The average recoveries of imidacloprid and its metabolites were in the range of 70~120% with < 20% RSD. This result indicated that the method using QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS was suitable for the simultaneous determination of imidacloprid and its metabolites in red pepper.

Imidacloprid는 곤충의 신경 독으로 작용하는 침투성 살충제이며, 과일과 채소에 진딧물 등의 해충 방제에 이용되고 있다. 침투성 농약은 작물체 내부로 흡수 이동되어 다양한 대사산물들이 생성되며 이중 일부 대사산물들은 농산물의 안전성에 문제가 되기도 한다. 따라서 농약과 대사산물의 동시분석법은 작물체 내에서 농약의 동태연구 및 농산물의 안전성을 확인하기 위해 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 고추 식물체 내에서 imidacloprid와 그 대사산물 4종, imidacloprid urea, imidacloprid olefin, idmidalcoprid guanidine, 그리고 6-chloronicotininic acid의 QuEChERS 법과 LC-MS/MS 시스템을 사용한 동시 분석법을 개발하고자 하였다. 실험방법은 고추 식물체 시료에 1% glacial acetic acid와 아세토니트릴 첨가한 후 추출하였고 그 추출물을 일정량 분취한 후 PSA와 $C_{18}$을 이용하여 정제하였다. 정제된 추출물은 LC-MS/MS로 분석하였으며, 표준정량곡선은 혼합표준용액(Matrix matched standard)를 제조하여 작성하였다. 표준정량곡선의 상관계수는 0.998 이상이었으며, LOQ도 0.05 mg/kg 이하였다. 0.01, 0.04, 0.1, 0.4 mg/kg 4개 수준으로 회수율시험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 imidacloprid와 그 대사산물의 회수율은 70~120%이었고, RSD는 20%이하였다. 이러한 결과는 본 시험방법이 고추 식물체에서 imidacloprid 및 그 대사산물을 분석하는데 적합하다는 것을 보여준다.

Keywords

References

  1. Anastassiades, M., S. J. Lehotay, D. tajnbaher and F. J. Schenck (2003) Fast and Easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and “dispersive solidphase extraction” for the determination of pesticide residues in produce. Journal of AOAC International. 86:412-431.
  2. Bong, M. S., S. Y. Yang, S. H. Lee, J. M. Seo and I. S. Kim (2011) Simultaneous analysis of conazole foungicides in garlic by Q-TOF mass spectrometer coupled with a modified QuEChERS method. Korean Journal of Environmnetal Agriculture. 30(3):323-329. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2011.30.3.323
  3. Carretero, A. S., C. C. Blanco, S. P. Duran and A. F. Gutierrez (2003) Determination of imidacloprid and its metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid in greenhouse air by application of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with solidphase extraction. Journal of Chromatography A. 1003:189-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00835-5
  4. HuSkova, R., E. Matisova, S. Hrouzkova and L. Svorc (2009) Analysis of pesticide residues by fast gas chromatography in combination with negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A. 1216, 6326-6334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.013
  5. Kamel, A. (2010) Refined methodology for the determination of neonicotinoid pesticides and their metabolites in Honey Bees and Bee products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometyr (LC-MS/MS). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 58(10):5926-5931. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf904120n
  6. Koesukwiwat, U., S. J. Lehotay, K. Mastovska, K. J. Dorweiler and N. Leepipatpiboon (2010) Extension of the QuEChERS Method for Pesticide Residues in Cereals to Flaxseeds, Peanuts, and Doughs. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 58:5950-5958. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf902988b
  7. Korea crop protection association (KCPA) 2012. pesticide application manual. seoul. Korea. p. 622-623.
  8. Kwon, H. Y., C. S. Kim, B. J. Park, Y. D. Jin, K. A. Son, S. M. Hong, J. B. Lee and G. J. Im (2011) Multiresidue analysis of 240 pesticides in apple and lettuce by QuEChERS sample preparation and HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science. 15(4):417-433.
  9. Lehotay, S. J. (2007) Determination of pesticide residues in foods by acetonitrile extraction and partitioning with magnesium sulfate: collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International. 90(2):485-520.
  10. Lehotay, S. J., K. A. Son, H. Y. Kwon, U. Koesukwiwat, W. Fu, K. Mastovska, E. Hoh and N. Leepipatpiboon (2010) Comparison of QuEChERS sample preparation methods for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. Journal of Chromatography A. 1217:2548-2560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.044
  11. Lesueur, C., P. Knittl, M. Gartner, A. Metntler and M. Fuerhacker (2008) Analysis of 140 pesticides from conventional farming foodstuff samples after extraction with the modified QuEChERS method. Food Control. 19:906-914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2007.09.002
  12. Nauen, R, K. Tietjen, K. Wanger and A. Elbert (1998) Efficacy of plant metabolites of imidacloprid against Myzus Persicae and (Homoptera : Aphididae), Pesticide Science. 52:53-57. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199801)52:1<53::AID-PS621>3.0.CO;2-6
  13. Nguyen, T. D., B. S. Lee, B. R. Lee, D. M. Lee and G. H. Lee (2007) A multiresidue method for the determination of 109 pesticides in rice using the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation method and gas chromtography/mass spectrometry with temperature control and vaccum concentration. Rapid Communication in Mass Spectrometry. 22(18):3115-3122.
  14. Nguyen, T. D., J. E. Yu, D. M. Lee and G. H. Lee (2008) A multiresidue method for the determination of 107 pesticides in cabbage and radish using QuEChERS sample preparation method and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry. 110:207-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.036
  15. Paya, P., M. Anastassiades, D. Mark, I. Sigalova, B. Tasdelen, J. Oliva and A. Barba (2007) Analysis of pesticide residues using the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) pesticide multiresidue method in combination with gas and liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometric detection. Analytical and Bioanalytical chemistry. 389(6):1697-1714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1610-7
  16. Schoning, R. and R. Schimuck (2003) Analytical determiation of imidacloprid and relevant metabolite residues by LC MS/ MS, Bulletin of Insectology, 56(1):41-50.
  17. Suchail, S, D. Guez and L. P. Belzunces (2001) Discrepancy between acute and chronic toxicity induced by imidacloprid and its metabolites in Apis mellifera. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 20(11):2482-2486. https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<2482:DBAACT>2.0.CO;2
  18. Sur, R., and A. Stork (2003) Uptake, translocation and metabolism of imidacloprid in plant. Sulltetin of insectology, 56(1):35-40.
  19. Tomizawa, M., H. Otsuka, T. Miyamoto, M. E. Eldefrawi and I. Yamamoto (1995) Pharmacological effects of imidacloprid and its realted compaounds on the nicotinic acetycholine receptor with its ion channel form the torpedo electric organ. Journal of Pesticide Science. 20:57-64. https://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.20.57
  20. Xu, Y., L. F. Shou and Y. L. Wu (2011) Simultaneous determination of flonicamid and its metabolites in vegetables using QuEChERS and reverse-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography A. 1218:6663-6666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.058

Cited by

  1. Development of Multi-residue Analysis of 320 Pesticides in Apple and Rice Using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS vol.20, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2016.20.2.104
  2. Residual Patterns of Fungicides Fludioxonil and Metconazole in Different Parts of Wheat vol.20, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2016.20.4.341
  3. Establishment of Residue Analysis Method for Acephate and Its Metabolite Methamidophos in Winter Mushroom and Its Mediums with LC-MS/MS vol.22, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2018.22.3.245
  4. 각국의 잔류농약 모니터링 자료를 활용한 바나나 중 농약 잔류 실태 조사 vol.63, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2020.002
  5. QuEChERS법을 활용한 농산물 중 제초제 Tolpyralate의 최적 분석법 선발 및 검증 vol.39, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2020.39.3.29
  6. Simultaneous determination of the metabolites of the herbicide metazachlor in agricultural crops by LC-MS/MS vol.63, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13765-020-00513-1
  7. LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS cross-checking analysis method for 247 pesticide residues in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) vol.24, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2021.1993251
  8. 축산물 중 Thiodicarb와 대사산물 Methomyl의 동시분석법개발 vol.40, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2021.40.2.17
  9. pH-responsive eco-friendly chitosan modified cenosphere/alginate composite hydrogel beads as carrier for controlled release of Imidacloprid towards sustainable pest control vol.427, pp.None, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.131215