DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Experimental study for the irradiation effect of x-ray on the hatching process of fertilized eggs

X선 조사가 닭 유정란 부화과정에 미치는 영향

  • Received : 2013.10.07
  • Accepted : 2013.12.05
  • Published : 2013.12.31

Abstract

This study examined the irradiation effect of high energy x-rays on the hatching process of fertilized eggs, particularly with regard to malformation and blood cells change. The experimental groups were five day old fertilized eggs irradiated with x rays at doses of 5, 7.5, 10 Gyusing alinear accelerator. The control group was not irradiated. After three weeks, hatched chicks were sacrificed and examined for blood sampling. The survival rate of the x-ray irradiated groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (46.7vs 80%). The malformation rate of the experimental groups was60%, whereas no congenital malformations were observed in the control group. The experimental groups had a significantly higher malformation rate. The types of malformation were left wing defect, proptosis, microcephaly, cervical spine, and feet anomaly. The incidence of malformation increased with increasing radiation dose. The white blood cell count of control group and eachexperimental groups (5 and 7.5 Gy) were 87.64, 100.76 and 81.42 ($10^3/{\mu}L$), respectively. X-ray irradiation of 5 day old chick embryos increased the rate of death and malformation significantly.The malformations were estimated to have occurred by chromosomal abnormalities. Further genetic studies will be needed to confirm the correlation between high energy X-rays and the cause of malformations.

방사선 감수성이 높은 시기의 닭 유정란에 방사선치료용 선형가속장치를 이용하여 고 에너지 X선을 조사하고, 부화과정 및 생존율, 외형적 기형, 혈액세포의 변화를 관찰하여 방사선 조사가 유정란 부화과정에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구 하고자 하였다. 방사선 감수성이 가장 높을 것으로 예상 되는 5일째에 고 에너지 10 MV-X선을 5개의 유정란을 한 군으로 설정한 실험군에 각각 5, 7.5, 10 Gy를 조사하고 부화기에 입란 하였다. 매일 검란을 실시하여 20일간의 부화과정을 관찰하고 부화 예정 1일 전에는 방사선촬영을 실시하여 부화상태와 전체 골격 형성을 확인하였다. 부화 된 병아리는 방사선촬영과 혈액분석을 실시하였다. 부화율은 대조군과 실험군에서 각각 80, 46.7%이고, 조사선량 별 부화률은 대조군과 5, 7.5, 10 Gy 에서 각각 80, 100, 40, 0% 로 조사선량이 증가 함에 따라 부화율은 감소하였다. 기형발생률은 대조군과 실험군에서 각각 0, 60% 이다. 조사선량 별 기형 발생률은 5, 7.5, 10 Gy 에서 각각 20, 80, 80% 이다. 미부화란의 인공 파각 후 좌측날개, 안구돌출, 발, 목뼈 기형이 나타났으며, 조사선량이 증가함에 따라 기형발생률이 증가 하였다. 백혈구 평균치는 대조군, 5, 7.5 Gy에서 각각 87.64, 100.76, 81.42 ($10^3/{\mu}L$) 으로 나타났다. 고에너지 X선에 의한 직, 간접적 손상인 부리 이상, 눈 결손, 계태사, 혈액성분의 변화를 확인 하였다. 특히 조사선량이 높을수록 부화율과 백혈구의 평균수치가 감소하였으며, 기형의 발생률과 계태사가 증가 하였다. 기형 발생의 원인은 염색체 이상으로 추정된다. 향후 고 에너지 X선 조사에 따른 기형의 원인을 알아내기 위한 지속적인 유전학적 연구가 필요할 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Byun MW, Lee JW, "Application of irradiation technology for food safety and security", Food Sci Ind36: pp.25-40, 2003.
  2. Byun MW, "Application of irradiation technology for food safety and security", Food Sci Ind30: pp.89-100, 1997.
  3. Yang TC, Mei M, George KA, Craise LM, "DNA damage and repair in oncogenic transformation by heavy ion radiation", Adv Space Res, 18(1-2):pp.149-155, 1996. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(95)00801-K
  4. Ebert M, Howard A, "Radiation effects in physics, chemistry and biology", Amsterdam : North-Holland Publishing Co, 1963.
  5. Ji TJ, Min BI, Seo EW, "Effect of propolis on blood components and tissues of mouse after low dose X-ray irradiation", J. Exp. Biomed.Sci, Vol 12(1) pp.43-48, 2006.
  6. Lee JH, Ji TJ, Seo EW, "Effect of propolis feeding on rat tissues damaged by X-ray irradiation", Journal of Radiation Protection, Vol 32(2), pp.51-57, 2007.
  7. Hodach RJ, Hodach AE, Fallon JF, Folts JD, Bruyere HJ, Gilbert EF, "The role of ${\beta}$-adrenergic activity in the production of cardiac and aortic arch anomalies in chick embryo" Teratology 12:pp.33-45, 1975. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420120105
  8. Sung Yup Moon, Soo Jung Choi, Nam Soo Kim, "Teratogenic effect of X ray on cardiovascular system of chich embrio", Korean Circulation J, Vol.35 pp.402-410, 2005. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2005.35.5.402
  9. Kuhlmann RS, Kolesari GL, Kalbfleisch JH. "Reduction of cathecholamine induced cardiovascular malformations in the chick embryo with metoprolol", Teratology, 28:pp.9-14, 1983. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420280103
  10. Rugh R, Grupp E. "Inonizing radiation and congenital anomalies in vertebrate embryos", Acta Embryol Morphol Exp, 2:pp.257-68, 1959.
  11. Kawamura T, Takao A, Ando M. "Spectrum of the coarctation type of ventricular septal defect in the chick induced by neutron radiation", In : Van Praach R, Takao A. Etiology and morphogenesis of congenital heart disease. Futura Publishing Co, pp.235-50, 1980.
  12. McMillan TJ, Tobi S, Mateos S, Lemon C, "The use of DNA double-strand break quantification in radiotherapy" Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 1;49(2):pp.373-377, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3016(00)01467-X
  13. Eric J Hall, Amato J Giaccia, "Radio biology for the radiologist", Six ed. Lippincott williams & Wilkins. USA, pp.335-337, 2006.
  14. Mroczka NE, Mercer KR, Bernhard WA," The effects of lattice water on free radical yields in X-irradiated crystalline pyrimidines and purines : a low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance investigation", Radiat Res, 147(5):pp.560-568, 1997. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3579622
  15. Ptasinska S, Sanche L, "On the mechanism of anion desorption from DNA induced by low energy electrons", J. Chem. Phys. pp.125:144, 2006.
  16. Barrios R, Skurski P, Simons J, "Mechanism for Damage to DNA by low-energy electrons", J. Phys. Chem. B, 106:pp.7991-7994, 2002. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp013861i
  17. Boudaiffa B, Cloutier P, Hunting D, Huels MA, Sanche L. "Resonant formation of DNA strand breaks by low-energy (3-20 eV) electrons", Science, 287: pp.1658-1660 , 2000. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5458.1658