DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Layering Effects on Clothing Microclimate, Clothing Insulation and Physiological Responses

  • 투고 : 2013.10.10
  • 심사 : 2013.11.20
  • 발행 : 2013.12.30

초록

This study investigated the relationship of clothing microclimate and physiological responses in order to examine the layering effects on the clothing microclimate as an index to predict clothing thermal insulation ($I_{cl}$). Experiments were conducted in a $15^{\circ}C$ environment on six physically active males. Increased clothing layers resulted in higher mean temperature inside the clothing ($\bar{T}_{cl}$) and $I_{cl}$. The $I_{cl}$ had a high correlation with: $\bar{T}_{cl}$ (r = 0.556), the difference between the innermost surface temperature and the outermost surface temperature at the chest (DST) (r = 0.549) and the temperature inside clothing at the abdomen (r = 0.478). $\bar{T}_{cl}$ had the highest correlation with the temperature inside clothing at the abdomen (r = 0.889). $\bar{T}_{cl}$ also had the highest correlation with $\bar{T}_{sk}$ (r = 0.860). The results showed that the relationship between $I_{cl}$ and $\bar{T}_{cl}$ was linear (p < .01). Thermal comfort had a negative correlation with $\bar{T}_{cl-thigh}$ (r=-0.411) and $\bar{T}_{cl}$ (r = -0.323) (p < .01.)

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제 주관 기관 : Kyung Hee University

참고문헌

  1. Anttonen, H., Niskanen, J., Meinander, H., Bartels, V., & Soltynski, K. (2004). Thermal manikin measurements - exact or not. Int J Occup Saf Ergon, 10, 291-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2004.11076616
  2. Cena, K., & Clark, J. A. (1978). Thermal insulation of animal coats and human clothing. Phys Med Biol, 23, 565-591. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/23/4/001
  3. Cortili, G., Mognoni, P., & Saibene, F. (1996). Work tolerance and physiological responses to thermal environment wearing protective NBC clothing. Ergonomics, 39(4), 620-633. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139608964485
  4. Dubois, D., & Dubois, E. F. (1916). A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. Arch Intern Med, 17, 863-871.
  5. Hardy, J. D., & Dubois, E. F. (1937). The technic of measuring radiation and convection. The Journal of Nutrition, 15, 461-475.
  6. Havenith, G., Heus, R., & Lotens, W. A. (1990). Resultant clothing insulation: a function of body movement, posture, wind, clothing fit and ensemble thickness. Ergonomics, 33, 67-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139008927094
  7. Holmer, I., & Nilsson, H. (1995). Heated manikins as a tool for evaluating clothing. Ann Occup Hyg, 39, 809-818. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/39.6.809
  8. Humphreys, M. A. (1977). Clothing and the outdoor microclimate in summer. Building and Environment, 12, 137-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323(77)90010-5
  9. ISO 9920 (1995). Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Estimation of the thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble. Geneva: International Organization for Standardisation
  10. ISO 10551 (1995). Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Assessment of the influence of the thermal environment using subjective judgement scales-. Geneva: International Organization for Standardisation.
  11. Jackson, A. S., & Pollock, M. L. (1978). Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. Br J Nutr, 40, 497-504. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19780152
  12. Jung, W. S., & Tokura, H. (1993). Different thermal conditions of the extremities affect thermoregulation in clothed man. Eur J Appl Physiol, 67, 481-485. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00241642
  13. Katsuura, T., Tabuchi, R., Iwanaga, K., Harada, H., & Kikuchi, Y. (1998). Estimation of thermal sensation during varied air temperature conditions. Appl Human Sci, 17, 73-78. https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.73
  14. Kim, M. J., & Choi, J. W. (1999). A study of factors influencing on skin temperature. J Korean Society of Clothing & Textiles, 23, 726-736.
  15. Konarska, M., Soltynski, K., Sudol-Szopinska, I., Mlozniak, D., & Chojnacka, A. (2006). Aspects of standardization in measuring thermal clothing insulation on a thermal manikin. FIBERS & TEXTIES in Eastern Europe, 14, 58-63.
  16. Kuklane, K., Sandsund, M., Reinertsen, R.E., Tochihara, Y., Fukazawa, T., & Holmer, I. (2004). Comparison of thermal manikins of different body shape and size. Eur J Appl Physiol, 92, 683-688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-004-1116-3
  17. Kwon, J. & Choi, J. (2013). Clothing insulation and temperature, layer and mass of clothing under comfortable environmental conditions. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 32(11), doi:10.1186/1880-6805-32-11.
  18. Lotens, W. A., & Havenith, G. (1991). Calculation of clothing insulation and vapour resistance. Ergonomics, 34, 233-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139108967309
  19. McCullough, E. A., Jones, B. W., & Zbikowski, P. J. (1983). The effect of garment design on the thermal insulation values of clothing. ASHRAE Trans, 89, 327-352.
  20. McCullough, E. A., Jones, B. W., & Huck, P. E. J. (1985). A comprehensive data base for estimating clothing insulation. ASHRAE Trans, 91(2A), 29-47.
  21. Muir, I. H., Bishop, P. A., & Kozusko, J. (2001). Microenvironment changes inside impermeable protective clothing during a continuous work exposure. Ergonomics, 44, 953-961. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130110068915
  22. Nevins, R. G., McNall, P., & Stolwijk, J. A. J. (1974). How to be comfortable at 65 to 68 degrees. ASHRAE Journal, 41-43.
  23. Newburgh, L. H. (1968). Physiology of heat regulation and the science of clothing. New York and London: Hafner Publishing Company.
  24. Nielsen, R., & Nielson, B. (1984). Influence of skin temperature distribution on thermal sensation in a cool environment. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 53, 225-230. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00776594
  25. Park, J. H., & Choi, J. W. (2008). The relationship between clothing microclimate and clothing thermal insulation. J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys, 15(4), 677-685
  26. Qian, X., & Fan, J. (2006). Prediction of clothing thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance of the clothed body walking in wind. Ann Occup Hyg, 50, 833-842. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/mel050
  27. Stocks, J. M., Taylor, N. A. S., Tipton, M. J., & Greenleaf, J. E. (2004). Human physiological responses to cold exposure. Aviat Environ Space Med, 75, 444-457.
  28. van Marken Lichtenbelt, W. D., Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S., & Van Hoydonck, P. (2001). Individual variation in the relation between body temperature and energy expenditure in response to elevated ambient temperature. Physiology & Behavior, 73, 235-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9384(01)00477-2
  29. Winslow, C. E. A., & Herington, L. P. (1949). Temperature and Human Life. Princeton: Princeton University.
  30. Yaglou, C. P., & Drinker, P. (1928). The summer comfort zone: climate and clothing. J I Hygiene, 10(10), 350-363.