International Journal of Human Ecology

The Korean Home Economics Association (대한가정학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Layering Effects on Clothing Microclimate, Clothing Insulation and Physiological Responses

  • Received : 2013.10.10
  • Accepted : 2013.11.20
  • Published : 2013.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship of clothing microclimate and physiological responses in order to examine the layering effects on the clothing microclimate as an index to predict clothing thermal insulation ($I_{cl}$). Experiments were conducted in a $15^{\circ}C$ environment on six physically active males. Increased clothing layers resulted in higher mean temperature inside the clothing ($\bar{T}_{cl}$) and $I_{cl}$. The $I_{cl}$ had a high correlation with: $\bar{T}_{cl}$ (r = 0.556), the difference between the innermost surface temperature and the outermost surface temperature at the chest (DST) (r = 0.549) and the temperature inside clothing at the abdomen (r = 0.478). $\bar{T}_{cl}$ had the highest correlation with the temperature inside clothing at the abdomen (r = 0.889). $\bar{T}_{cl}$ also had the highest correlation with $\bar{T}_{sk}$ (r = 0.860). The results showed that the relationship between $I_{cl}$ and $\bar{T}_{cl}$ was linear (p < .01). Thermal comfort had a negative correlation with $\bar{T}_{cl-thigh}$ (r=-0.411) and $\bar{T}_{cl}$ (r = -0.323) (p < .01.)

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Kyung Hee University

References

  1. Anttonen, H., Niskanen, J., Meinander, H., Bartels, V., & Soltynski, K. (2004). Thermal manikin measurements - exact or not. Int J Occup Saf Ergon, 10, 291-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2004.11076616
  2. Cena, K., & Clark, J. A. (1978). Thermal insulation of animal coats and human clothing. Phys Med Biol, 23, 565-591. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/23/4/001
  3. Cortili, G., Mognoni, P., & Saibene, F. (1996). Work tolerance and physiological responses to thermal environment wearing protective NBC clothing. Ergonomics, 39(4), 620-633. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139608964485
  4. Dubois, D., & Dubois, E. F. (1916). A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. Arch Intern Med, 17, 863-871.
  5. Hardy, J. D., & Dubois, E. F. (1937). The technic of measuring radiation and convection. The Journal of Nutrition, 15, 461-475.
  6. Havenith, G., Heus, R., & Lotens, W. A. (1990). Resultant clothing insulation: a function of body movement, posture, wind, clothing fit and ensemble thickness. Ergonomics, 33, 67-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139008927094
  7. Holmer, I., & Nilsson, H. (1995). Heated manikins as a tool for evaluating clothing. Ann Occup Hyg, 39, 809-818. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/39.6.809
  8. Humphreys, M. A. (1977). Clothing and the outdoor microclimate in summer. Building and Environment, 12, 137-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323(77)90010-5
  9. ISO 9920 (1995). Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Estimation of the thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble. Geneva: International Organization for Standardisation
  10. ISO 10551 (1995). Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Assessment of the influence of the thermal environment using subjective judgement scales-. Geneva: International Organization for Standardisation.
  11. Jackson, A. S., & Pollock, M. L. (1978). Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. Br J Nutr, 40, 497-504. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19780152
  12. Jung, W. S., & Tokura, H. (1993). Different thermal conditions of the extremities affect thermoregulation in clothed man. Eur J Appl Physiol, 67, 481-485. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00241642
  13. Katsuura, T., Tabuchi, R., Iwanaga, K., Harada, H., & Kikuchi, Y. (1998). Estimation of thermal sensation during varied air temperature conditions. Appl Human Sci, 17, 73-78. https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.17.73
  14. Kim, M. J., & Choi, J. W. (1999). A study of factors influencing on skin temperature. J Korean Society of Clothing & Textiles, 23, 726-736.
  15. Konarska, M., Soltynski, K., Sudol-Szopinska, I., Mlozniak, D., & Chojnacka, A. (2006). Aspects of standardization in measuring thermal clothing insulation on a thermal manikin. FIBERS & TEXTIES in Eastern Europe, 14, 58-63.
  16. Kuklane, K., Sandsund, M., Reinertsen, R.E., Tochihara, Y., Fukazawa, T., & Holmer, I. (2004). Comparison of thermal manikins of different body shape and size. Eur J Appl Physiol, 92, 683-688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-004-1116-3
  17. Kwon, J. & Choi, J. (2013). Clothing insulation and temperature, layer and mass of clothing under comfortable environmental conditions. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 32(11), doi:10.1186/1880-6805-32-11.
  18. Lotens, W. A., & Havenith, G. (1991). Calculation of clothing insulation and vapour resistance. Ergonomics, 34, 233-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139108967309
  19. McCullough, E. A., Jones, B. W., & Zbikowski, P. J. (1983). The effect of garment design on the thermal insulation values of clothing. ASHRAE Trans, 89, 327-352.
  20. McCullough, E. A., Jones, B. W., & Huck, P. E. J. (1985). A comprehensive data base for estimating clothing insulation. ASHRAE Trans, 91(2A), 29-47.
  21. Muir, I. H., Bishop, P. A., & Kozusko, J. (2001). Microenvironment changes inside impermeable protective clothing during a continuous work exposure. Ergonomics, 44, 953-961. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130110068915
  22. Nevins, R. G., McNall, P., & Stolwijk, J. A. J. (1974). How to be comfortable at 65 to 68 degrees. ASHRAE Journal, 41-43.
  23. Newburgh, L. H. (1968). Physiology of heat regulation and the science of clothing. New York and London: Hafner Publishing Company.
  24. Nielsen, R., & Nielson, B. (1984). Influence of skin temperature distribution on thermal sensation in a cool environment. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 53, 225-230. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00776594
  25. Park, J. H., & Choi, J. W. (2008). The relationship between clothing microclimate and clothing thermal insulation. J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys, 15(4), 677-685
  26. Qian, X., & Fan, J. (2006). Prediction of clothing thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance of the clothed body walking in wind. Ann Occup Hyg, 50, 833-842. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/mel050
  27. Stocks, J. M., Taylor, N. A. S., Tipton, M. J., & Greenleaf, J. E. (2004). Human physiological responses to cold exposure. Aviat Environ Space Med, 75, 444-457.
  28. van Marken Lichtenbelt, W. D., Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S., & Van Hoydonck, P. (2001). Individual variation in the relation between body temperature and energy expenditure in response to elevated ambient temperature. Physiology & Behavior, 73, 235-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9384(01)00477-2
  29. Winslow, C. E. A., & Herington, L. P. (1949). Temperature and Human Life. Princeton: Princeton University.
  30. Yaglou, C. P., & Drinker, P. (1928). The summer comfort zone: climate and clothing. J I Hygiene, 10(10), 350-363.