DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Prosodic Strengthening on the Production of English High Front Vowels /i, ɪ/ by Native vs. Non-Native Speakers

원어민과 비원어민의 영어 전설 고모음 /i, ɪ/ 발화에 나타나는 운율 강화 현상

  • Received : 2013.11.05
  • Accepted : 2013.12.17
  • Published : 2013.12.31

Abstract

This study investigated how acoustic characteristics (i.e., duration, F1, F2) of English high front vowels /i, ɪ/ are modulated by boundary- and prominence-induced strengthening in native vs. non-native (Korean) speech production. The study also examined how the durational difference in vowels due to the voicing of a following consonant (i.e., voiced vs. voiceless) is modified by prosodic strengthening in two different (native vs. non-native) speaker groups. Five native speakers of Canadian English and eight Korean learners of English (intermediate-advanced level) produced 8 minimal pairs with the CVC sequence (e.g., 'beat'-'bit') in varying prosodic contexts. Native speakers distinguished the two vowels in terms of duration, F1, and F2, whereas non-native speakers only showed durational differences. The two groups were similar in that they maximally distinguished the two vowels when the vowels were accented (F2, duration), while neither group showed boundary-induced strengthening in any of the three measurements. The durational differences due to the voicing of the following consonant were also maximized when accented. The results are discussed further in terms of phonetics-prosody interface in L2 production.

Keywords

References

  1. Barnes, J.A. (2002). Positional neutralization: A phonologization approach to typological patterns. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
  2. Beckman, M. & Edwards, J. (1994). Articulatory evidence for differentiating stress categories. In P.A. Keating (Ed.), Laboratory phonology, Vol. III. (pp. 7-33) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  3. Boersma, P. & Weenink, D. (2009). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer (version 5.1). http://www.praat.org/
  4. Byrd, D., Krivokapic, J., Lee, S. (2006). How far, how long: On the temporal scope of prosodic boundary effects. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 120, 1589-1599. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2217135
  5. Cho, T. (2005). Prosodic strengthening and featural enhancement: Evidence from acoustic and articulatory realizations of /${\alpha}$., i/ in English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 33, 121-157.
  6. Cho, T., & Keating, P. A. (2009). Effects of initial position versus prominence in English. Journal of Phonetics, 37, 466-485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2009.08.001
  7. Cho, T., Lee, Y., & Kim, S. (2011). Communicatively driven versus prosodically driven hyper-articulation in Korean. Journal of Phonetics, 39, 344-361 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2011.02.005
  8. Flege, J.E. (1995). Second-language speech learning: Theory, findings and problems. In W. STRANGE (Ed.) Speech perception and linguistic experience: Theoretical and methodological issues in cross-language speech research. (pp. 233-272.) Timonium, MD: York Press Inc.
  9. Flege, J.E. & Port, R.F. (1981). Cross-language phonetic interface: Arabic to English. Language and Speech, 24, 125-146. https://doi.org/10.1177/002383098102400202
  10. Fougeron, C., & Keating, P.A. (1997). Articulatory strengthening at edges of prosodic domains. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101, 3728-3740. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.418332
  11. Ingram, J. & Park, S. (1997). Cross-language vowel perception and production by Japanese and Korean learners of English. Journal of Phonetics, 25, 343-370. https://doi.org/10.1006/jpho.1997.0048
  12. de Jong, K. (1991). An articulatory study of vowel duration changes in English. Phonetica, 48, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1159/000261868
  13. de Jong, K. (1995). The supraglottal articulation of prominence in English: Linguistic stress as localized hyperarticulation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 91, 491-504.
  14. de Jong, K. & Zawaydeh, B.A. (2002). Comparing stress, lexical focus, and segmental focus: Patterns of variation in Arabic vowel duration. Journal of Phonetics, 30, 53-75. https://doi.org/10.1006/jpho.2001.0151
  15. Keating, P. A., Cho, T., Fougeron, C., & Hsu, C. (2003). Domain-initial strengthening in four languages. In J. Local, R. Ogden, & R.Temple (Eds.), Laboratory phonology, Vol. IV: Phonetic interpretation (pp. 145- 163). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  16. Kim, H. & Jongman, A. (1996). Acoustic and perceptual evidence for complete neutralization of manner of articulation in Korean. Journal of Phonetics, 24, 295-312. https://doi.org/10.1006/jpho.1996.0016
  17. Kim, S. & Cho, T. (2011). Articulatory manifestation of prosodic strengthening in English /i/ and /I/. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 3(4), 13-21.
  18. Klatt, D. (1975). Vowel lengthening is syntactically determined in connected discourse. Journal of Phonetics, 3, 129-140.
  19. Summers, W.V. (1987). Effects of stress and final-consonant voicing on vowel production: articulatory and acoustic analyses. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 82, 847-863. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.395284
  20. Turk, A.E., & Sawusch, J. (1997). The domain of accentual lengthening in English. Journal of Phonetics, 25, 25-41. https://doi.org/10.1006/jpho.1996.0032